Brad Edgeworth, CCIE No. 31574 (R&S and SP), is a SD-WAN technical solutions architect at Cisco Systems. Brad is a distinguished speaker at Cisco Live, where he has presented on various topics. Before joining Cisco, Brad worked as a network architect and consultant for various Fortune 500 companies. Brad's expertise is based on enterprise and service provider environments, with an emphasis on architectural and operational simplicity. Brad holds a bachelor of arts degree in computer systems management from St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. Brad can be found on Twitter as [...]

Ramiro Garza Rios, CCIE No. 15469 (R&S, SP, and Security), has over 20 years of experience in the networking industry and currently works as a solutions architect in the Cisco Customer Experience (CX) organization. His expertise is on enterprise and service provider network environments, with a focus on evolving architectures and next-generation technologies. He is also a Cisco Live distinguished speaker.

Before joining Cisco Systems in 2005, he was a network consulting and presales engineer for a Cisco Gold Partner in Mexico, where he planned, designed, and implemented both enterprise and service provider networks.

David Hucaby, CCIE No. 4594 (R&S), CWNE No. 292, is a technical education content engineer for Cisco Meraki, where he focuses on eLearning for the Meraki product lines. David holds bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Kentucky. He has been authoring Cisco Press titles for almost 25 years.

Jason Gooley, CCIEx2 (RS, SP) No. 38759, has over 30 years of experience in the industry and currently works as a technical evangelist for the Worldwide Enterprise Networking and Software Sales team at Cisco Systems. Jason is passionate about helping others in the industry succeed. In addition to being a public speaker, Jason is a published Cisco Press author, developer of CCIE exams, an online training instructor, and a blogger. Jason is also co-founder and organizer of the Chicago Network Operators Group (CHI-NOG). He is the founder and host of MetalDevOps, which is a YouTube video show about the intersection of metal music and technology

Introduction
Part I Forwarding
Chapter 1 Packet Forwarding 2
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 2
Foundation Topics 3
Network Device Communication 3
Layer 2 Forwarding 4
Layer 3 Forwarding 19
Forwarding Architectures 26
Process Switching 26
Software CEF 29
Hardware CEF 30
SDM Templates 30
Exam Preparation Tasks 32
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 33
References in This Chapter 34
Part II Layer 2
Chapter 2 Spanning Tree Protocol 36
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 36
Foundation Topics 38
Spanning Tree Protocol Fundamentals 38
IEEE 802.1D STP 38
Building the STP Topology 41
STP Topology Changes 49
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 53
RSTP (802.1W) Port States 54
RSTP (802.1W) Port Roles 54
RSTP (802.1W) Port Types 54
Building the RSTP Topology 55
RSTP Convergence 55
Exam Preparation Tasks 56
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 56
Chapter 3 Advanced STP Tuning 58
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 58
Foundation Topics 59
STP Topology Tuning 59
Placing the Root Bridge 60
Modifying STP Root Port and Blocked Switch Port Locations 63
Modifying STP Port Priority 66
Additional STP Protection Mechanisms 67
Root Guard 68
STP Portfast 68
BPDU Guard 70
BPDU Filter 72
Problems with Unidirectional Links 73
Exam Preparation Tasks 76
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 77
Chapter 4 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 80
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 80
Foundation Topics 81
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 81
MST Instances (MSTIs) 83
MST Configuration 84
MST Verification 85
MST Tuning 87
Common MST Misconfigurations 89
MST Region Boundary 90
Exam Preparation Tasks 92
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 92
Chapter 5 VLAN Trunks and EtherChannel Bundles 94
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 94
Foundation Topics 96
VLAN Trunking Protocol 96
VTP Communication 97
VTP Configuration 98
VTP Verification 99
Dynamic Trunking Protocol 101
EtherChannel Bundle 104
Dynamic Link Aggregation Protocols 106
Verifying EtherChannel Status 108
Viewing EtherChannel Neighbors 110
Verifying EtherChannel Packets 113
Advanced LACP Configuration Options 114
Troubleshooting EtherChannel Bundles 118
Load Balancing Traffic with EtherChannel Bundles 119
Exam Preparation Tasks 121
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 121
Part III Routing
Chapter 6 IP Routing Essentials 124
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 124
Foundation Topics 126
Routing Protocol Overview 126
Distance Vector Algorithms 128
Enhanced Distance Vector Algorithms 129
Link-State Algorithms 130
Path Vector Algorithm 131
Path Selection 132
Prefix Length 133
Administrative Distance 133
Metrics 135
Static Routing 137
Static Route Types 138
Floating Static Routing 141
Static Routes to Null Interfaces 143
IPv6 Static Routes 145
Policy-based Routing 146
Virtual Routing and Forwarding 149
Exam Preparation Tasks 151
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 153
Chapter 7 EIGRP 154
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 154
Foundation Topics 156
EIGRP Fundamentals 156
Autonomous Systems 157
EIGRP Terminology 157
Topology Table 159
EIGRP Neighbors 160
Path Metric Calculation 160
Wide Metrics 162
Metric Backward Compatibility 163
Load Balancing 163
Failure Detection and Timers 164
Convergence 164
Route Summarization 166
Exam Preparation Tasks 167
References in This Chapter 168
Chapter 8 OSPF 170
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 170
Foundation Topics 172
OSPF Fundamentals 172
Inter-Router Communication 174
OSPF Hello Packets 175
Router ID 175
Neighbors 175
Designated Router and Backup Designated Router 176
OSPF Configuration 178
OSPF Network Statement 178
Interface-Specific Configuration 180
Statically Setting the Router ID 180
Passive Interfaces 181
Requirements for Neighbor Adjacency 181
Sample Topology and Configuration 181
Confirmation of Interfaces 184
Verification of OSPF Neighbor Adjacencies 185
Verification of OSPF Routes 186
Default Route Advertisement 187
Common OSPF Optimizations 188
Link Costs 189
Failure Detection 189
DR Placement 190
OSPF Network Types 194
Exam Preparation Tasks 198
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 199
References in This Chapter 200
Chapter 9 Advanced OSPF 202
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 202
Foundation Topics 204
Areas 204
Area ID 207
OSPF Route Types 207
Link-State Advertisements 209
LSA Sequences 210
LSA Age and Flooding 210
LSA Types 210
Discontiguous Networks 217
OSPF Path Selection 218
Intra-Area Routes 218
Inter-Area Routes 219
Equal-Cost Multipathing 220
Summarization of Routes 220
Summarization Fundamentals 221
Inter-Area Summarization 222
Summarization Metrics 222
Configuration of Inter-Area Summarization 223
Route Filtering 224
Filtering with Summarization 225
Area Filtering 225
Exam Preparation Tasks 228
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 229
References in This Chapter 229
Chapter 10 OSPFv3 230
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 230
Foundation Topics 231
OSPFv3 Fundamentals 231
OSPFv3 Link-State Advertisement 232
OSPFv3 Communication 232
OSPFv3 Configuration 233
OSPFv3 Verification 235
Passive Interface 237
Summarization 238
Network Type 239
IPv4 Support in OSPFv3 240
Exam Preparation Tasks 242
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 242
References in This Chapter 243
Chapter 11 BGP 244
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 244
Foundation Topics 246
BGP Fundamentals 246
Autonomous System Numbers 246
Path Attributes 247
Loop Prevention 247
Address Families 248
Inter-Router Communication 248
BGP Neighbor States 253
Basic BGP Configuration 255
Verification of BGP Sessions 257
Route Advertisement 260
Receiving and Viewing Routes 262
BGP Route Advertisements from Indirect Sources 265
IPv4 Route Summarization 268
Aggregate Address 269
Atomic Aggregate 274
Route Aggregation with AS_SET 276
Multiprotocol BGP for IPv6 278
IPv6 Configuration 279
IPv6 Route Summarization 284
Exam Preparation Tasks 285
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 286
References in This Chapter 287
Chapter 12 Advanced BGP 288
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 288
Foundation Topics 290
BGP Multihoming 291
Resiliency in Service Providers 291
Internet Transit Routing 292
Branch Transit Routing 293
Conditional Matching 295
Access Control Lists 295
Prefix Matching 297
Regular Expressions (regex) 300
Route Maps 301
Conditional Matching 302
Optional Actions 304
The continue Keyword 305
BGP Route Filtering and Manipulation 306
Distribute List Filtering 307
Prefix List Filtering 308
AS_Path ACL Filtering 309
Route Maps 311
Clearing BGP Connections 313
BGP Communities 313
Well-Known Communities 314
Enabling BGP Community Support 314
Conditionally Matching BGP Communities 315
Setting Private BGP Communities 317
Understanding BGP Path Selection 318
Routing Path Selection Using Longest Match 319
BGP Best Path Overview 320
Exam Preparation Tasks 329
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 331
References in This Chapter 332
Chapter 13 Multicast 334
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 334
Foundation Topics 337
Multicast Fundamentals 337
Multicast Addressing 340
Layer 2 Multicast Addresses 342
Internet Group Management Protocol 343
IGMPv2 344
IGMPv3 346
IGMP Snooping 346
Protocol Independent Multicast 349
PIM Distribution Trees 349
PIM Terminology 352
PIM Dense Mode 354
PIM Sparse Mode 357
Reverse Path Forwarding 360
PIM Forwarder 361
Rendezvous Points 363
Static RP 364
Auto-RP 364
PIM Bootstrap Router 366
Exam Preparation Tasks 367
References in This Chapter 369
Part IV Services
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS) 370
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 371
Foundation Topics 374
The Need for QoS 374
Lack of Bandwidth 374
Latency and Jitter 374
Packet Loss 376
QoS Models 377
Modular QoS CLI 379
Classification and Marking 381
Classification 381
MQC Classification Configuration 382
Marking 385
DSCP Per-Hop Behaviors 387
Scavenger Class 391
Trust Boundary 391
Class-Based Marking Configuration 392
A Practical Example: Wireless QoS 393
Policing and Shaping 394
Placing Policers and Shapers in the Network 395
Markdown 395
Token Bucket Algorithms 395
Class-Based Policing Configuration 398
Types of Policers 399
Congestion Management and Avoidance 406
Congestion Management 406
Congestion-Avoidance Tools 408
CBWFQ Configuration 410
Exam Preparation Tasks 414
Use the Command Reference to Check Your Memory 416
References in This Chapter 417
Chapter 15 IP Services 418
Do I Know This Already? Quiz 418
Foundation Topics 420
Time Synchronization 420
Network Time Protocol 420
NTP Configuration 421
Stratum Preference 424
NTP Peers 424
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) 425
PTP Configuration 427
First-Hop Redundancy Protocol 429
Object Tracking 430
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