Introduction Zygmunt G. Baräski and Lino Pertile; Part I. Politics and Society: 1. Empire, Italy, and Florence William Caferro; 2. Economy William R. Day, Jr; 3. Law Sara Menzinger; 4. Justice Giuliano Milani; 5. Men and women Holly Hurlburt; 6. The official Church George Dameron; 7. The unofficial Church David Burr; 8. Daily life Edward D. English; Part II. Intellectual Traditions: 9. Philosophy and theology Andrea A. Robiglio; 10. Moral philosophy Luca Bianchi; 11. Natural philosophy Edward Grant; 12. Medicine Michael R. McVaugh; 13. Islamic and Jewish influences Luis M. Girón Negrón; 14. Cosmology, geography, and cartography Theodore J. Cachey, Jr; Part III. Linguistic and Literary Cultures: 15. Linguistic Italy Mirko Tavoni; 16. Education Robert Black; 17. Rhetoric, literary theory, and practical criticism Ronald L. Martinez; 18. Classical antiquity Robert Black; 19. Religious culture Peter S. Hawkins; 20. Visions and journeys Eileen Gardiner; 21. Historical and political writing John C. Barnes; 22. Vernacular literatures Paolo Cherchi; 23. Popular culture Jan M. Ziolkowski; Part IV. Visual and Performative Culture: 24. Illumination, painting and sculpture Louise Bourdua; 25. Architecture and urban space Areli Marina; 26. Music Michael Scott Cuthbert; Part V. Dante: Life, Works, and Reception: 27. Life Lino Pertile; 28. Works Lino Pertile; 29. Textual transmission Zygmunt Baräski; 30. Early reception (1290s-1481) Zygmunt G. Baräski; Further reading.