Hot topic in modern microelectronics

Fast single and integrated transistors as well as integrated bipolar circuits are treated

Includes supplementary material: [...]

1. An Introductory Survey.- 1.1 History.- 1.2 Devices, Circuits, Compact Models.- 1.3 Semiconductors.- 1.4 PN Junctions.- 1.5 Bipolar Transistor Principles.- 1.6 Elementary Large-Signal Models.- 1.7 Elementary Small-Signal Models.- 1.8 Noise Modeling.- 1.9 Orders of Magnitude.- 1.10 References.- 2. Semiconductor Physics Required for Bipolar-Transistor Modeling.- 2.1 Band Structure.- 2.2 Thermal Equilibrium.- 2.3 The Boltzmann Equation.- 2.4 The Drift-Diffusion Approximation.- 2.5 Hydrodynamic Model.- 2.6 Generation and Recombination.- 2.7 Heavily Doped Semiconductors.- 2.8 Silicon Device Modeling in the Drift-Diffusion Approximation.- 2.9 References.- 3. Physics and Modeling of Bipolar Junction Transistors.- 3.1 The Regional Approach.- 3.2 Transfer Current, Early Effect.- 3.3 Emitter-Base Diode, Current Gain.- 3.4 Base-Collector Diode, Breakdown.- 3.5 Charge Storage, Transit Time.- 3.6 Series Resistances.- 3.7 High-Level Injection.- 3.8 The Gummel-Poon Model.- 3.9 Small-Signal Description.- 3.10 Figures of Merit.- 3.11 Temperature Dependences, Self-Heating.- 3.12 Parameter Extraction - DC Measurements.- 3.13 Parameter Extraction - AC Measurements.- 3.14 The VBIC Model.- 3.15 The HICUM Model.- 3.16 The MEXTRAM Model.- 3.17 References.- 4. Physics and Modeling of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors.- 4.1 Heterojunctions.- 4.2 Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors.- 4.3 Silicon-Based Semiconductor Hctorostructures.- 4.4 SiGe HBTs.- 4.5 Compound Semiconductor HBTs.- 4.6 References.- 5. Noise Modeling.- 5.1 Noise in Semiconductors.- 5.2 Transport Theory of Noise.- 5.3 Noise of pn Junctions.- 5.4 Noise Generated by the Transfer Current.- 5.5 High-Frequency Noise Equivalent Circuit.- 5.6 Noise Figure.- 5.7 Low-Frequency Noise.- 5.8 References.- 6. Basic CircuitConfigurations.- 6.1 Common-Emitter Configuration.- 6.2 Common-Collector Configuration.- 6.3 Common-Base Configuration.- 6.4 The Diode-Connected Bipolar Transistor.- 6.5 Current Sources and Active Loads.- 6.6 Differential Amplifiers.- 6.7 Analog Multipliers.- 6.8 Two-Transistor Amplifier Stages.- 6.9 Bandgap References.- 6.10 Digital Circuits.- 6.11 References.- 7. Process Integration.- 7.1 Fabrication of Integrated npn Transistors.- 7.2 Passive Components.- 7.3 PNP Transistors.- 7.4 Reliability.- 7.5 References.- 8. Applications.- 8.1 Emitter-Coupled Logic.- 8.2 High-Speed Optical Transmission Systems.- 8.3 RF Microelectronics.- 8.4 BiCMOS.- 8.5 References.- A. Linear and Nonlinear Response.- A.1 Linear Response.- A.1.1 Step Response, Elmore Delay.- A.2 Nonlinear Systems Without Memory.- A.2.1 Harmonic Distortion, Gain Compression.- A.2.2 Intermodulation Distortion.- A.3 Nonlinear Systems with Memory.- A.3.1 Volterra Series.- A.4 References.- B. Linear Two-Ports, s-Parameters.- B.1 Indefinite Admittance Matrix.- B.2 Terminated Two-Ports.- B.2.1 Input and Output Impedance.- B.2.2 Voltage and Current Gain.- B.2.3 Power Gain.- B.2.4 Stability.- B.2.5 Incident and Reflected Power.- B.3 S-Parameters.- B.3.1 Relations between s-Parameters and Two-Port Parameters.- B.3.2 Matching and Power Gain.- B.4 References.- C. PN Junctions: Details.- C.1 Boundary Conditions at PN Junctions.- C.2 Epitaxial Diode.- C.3 Minority-Carrier Transport in Heavily Doped Emitter Regions.- C.4 High-Frequency Diode Admittance.- C.5 References.- D. Bipolar Transistor: Details.- D.1 Drift Transistor.- D.1.1 Electron Transport Through the Base Region.- D.1.3 Excess Phase.- D.1.4 Collector Transit Time.- D.1.5 Small-Signal Analysis.- D.2 Quasi-Thrce-Dimensional Computations of the Base Resistance.- D.3Generation of Model Parameters from Layout Data.- D.4 Generalization of the Gummol Transfer Current Relation to Arbitrary Geometries.- D.5 Definition of Series Resistances Within the Integral Charge Control Relation.- D.6 Multiplication Factor.- D.7 References.- E. Noise: Details.- E.1 Some Statistics.- E.1.1 Stochastic Variables, Correlation.- E.1.2 Ensemble Average, Distribution Function.- E.1.3 Spectral Density.- E.1.4 Carson Theorem, Shot Noise.- E.2 Velocity Fluctuations and Diffusion.- E.3 Thermodynamics and Noise.- E.4 Generation-Recombination Noise.- E.5 McWorther Model of 1/f Noise.- E.6 Short-Base Diode with Metal Contact.- E.7 Short-Base Diode with Polysilicon Contact.- E.8 Equivalent-Circuit Representation of Transfer Current Noise.- E.9 References.- F. Overtemperature Developed During Electrostatic Discharges.- F.1 Thermal Conductivity.- F.2 Transient Overtemperature During a Short Pulse.- F.3 References.