Dedication

In Memoriam

Preface to the Ninth Edition

Abbreviations

1 Examination Techniques

Introduction

Psychophysical tests

Perimetry

Slit lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment

Fundus examination

Tonometry

Gonioscopy

Central corneal thickness

2 Eyelids

Introduction

Non-neoplastic lesions

Benign epidermal tumours

Benign pigmented lesions

Benign adnexal tumours

Miscellaneous benign tumours

Malignant tumours

Disorders of the eyelashes

Allergic disorders

Immune-related inflammation

Bacterial infections

Viral infections

Blepharitis

Ptosis

Ectropion

Entropion

Miscellaneous acquired disorders

Cosmetic eyelid and periocular surgery

Congenital malformations

3 Lacrimal Drainage System

Introduction

Acquired obstruction

Congenital obstruction

Chronic canaliculitis

Dacryocystitis

4 Orbit

Introduction

Thyroid eye disease

Infections

Non-infective inflammatory disease

Non-neoplastic vascular abnormalities

Cystic lesions

Vascular tumours

Lacrimal gland tumours

Neural tumours

Lymphoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Metastatic tumours

The anophthalmic socket

Craniosynostoses

5 Dry Eye

Introduction

Sjögren syndrome

Clinical features

Investigation

Treatment

6 Conjunctiva

Introduction

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis in blistering mucocutaneous disease

Miscellaneous disorders of the conjunctiva

Degenerations

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

7 Cornea

Introduction

Bacterial keratitis

Fungal keratitis

Herpes simplex keratitis

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Interstitial keratitis

Protozoan keratitis

Helminthic keratitis

Bacterial hypersensitivity-mediated

corneal disease

Rosacea

Peripheral corneal ulceration/thinning

Neurotrophic keratopathy

Exposure keratopathy

Miscellaneous keratopathies

Corneal ectasia

Corneal dystrophy

Corneal degeneration

Metabolic keratopathy

Contact lenses

Congenital anomalies of the cornea and globe

8 Corneal and Refractive Surgery

Keratoplasty

Keratoprostheses

Refractive procedures

9 Episclera and Sclera

Anatomy

Episcleritis

Immune-mediated scleritis

Porphyria

Infectious scleritis

Scleral discolouration

Blue sclera

Miscellaneous conditions

10 Lens

Acquired cataract

Management of age-related cataract

Congenital cataract

Ectopia lentis

Abnormalities of lens shape

11 Glaucoma

Introduction

Ocular hypertension

Overview of glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma

Normal-tension glaucoma

Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Classification of secondary glaucoma

Pseudoexfoliation

Pigment dispersion syndrome and

pigmentary glaucoma

Neovascular glaucoma

Inflammatory glaucoma

Steroid-induced glaucoma

Lens-related glaucoma

Traumatic glaucoma

Ghost cell 'glaucoma'

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome

Glaucoma associated with intraocular tumours

Glaucoma secondary to epithelial ingrowth

Iridoschisis

Primary congenital glaucoma

Iridocorneal dysgenesis

Glaucoma in phacomatoses

Medical treatment of glaucoma

Laser treatment of glaucoma

Trabeculectomy

Non-penetrating glaucoma surgery

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)

Drainage shunts

12 Uveitis

Classification

Clinical features

Investigation

Treatment

Immunomodulatory therapy for

non-infectious uveitis

Uveitis in spondyloarthropathies

Fuchs uveitis syndrome

Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Uveitis in bowel disease

Uveitis in renal disease

Intermediate uveitis

Vogt-koyanagi-harada (VKH) syndrome

Sympathetic ophthalmitis

Lens-induced uveitis

Sarcoidosis

Behçet disease

Parasitic uveitis

Viral uveitis

Fungal uveitis

Bacterial uveitis

Miscellaneous idiopathic chorioretinopathies

13 Retinal Vascular Disease

Retinal circulation

Diabetic retinopathy

Non-diabetic retinopathy

Retinal venous occlusive disease

Retinal arterial occlusive disease

Ocular ischaemic syndrome

Hypertensive eye disease

Sickle-cell retinopathy

Thalassaemia retinopathy

Retinopathy of prematurity

Retinal artery macroaneurysm

Primary retinal telangiectasia

Eales disease

Radiation retinopathy

Purtscher retinopathy

Valsalva retinopathy

Lipaemia retinalis

Retinopathy in blood disorders

14 Acquired Macular Disorders

Introduction

Clinical evaluation of macular disease

Investigation of macular disease

Age-related macular degeneration

Retinal angiomatous proliferation

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Peripheral exudative haemorrhagic

chorioretinopathy

Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization

Vitreomacular interface disorders

Central serous chorioretinopathy

Idiopathic macular telangiectasia

Cystoid

Microcystic macular oedema

Degenerative myopia

Angioid streaks

Choroidal folds

Hypotony maculopathy

Solar retinopathy

Focal choroidal excavation

Dome-shaped macula

Low visual aids

15 Hereditary Fundus Dystrophies

Introduction

Investigation

Generalized photoreceptor dystrophies

Macular dystrophies

Generalized choroidal dystrophies

Hereditary vitreoretinopathies

Albinism

Cherry-red spot at the macula

16 Retinal Detachment

Introduction

Peripheral lesions predisposing to

retinal detachment

Posterior vitreous detachment

Retinal breaks

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Tractional retinal detachment

Exudative retinal detachment

Pars plana vitrectomy

17 Vitreous Opacities

Strabismus

Introduction

Amblyopia

Clinical evaluation

Pseudostrabismus

Heterophoria

Vergence abnormalities

Esotropia

Exotropia

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders

Monocular elevation deficiency

Brown syndrome

Alphabet patterns

Surgery

Complications of strabismus surgery

Botulinum toxin chemodenervation

18 Neuro-ophthalmology

Neuroimaging

Optic nerve

Pupils

Chiasm

Retrochiasmal pathways

Ocular motor nerves

Supranuclear disorders of ocular motility

Nystagmus

Ocular myopathies

Miller Fisher syndrome

Neurofibromatosis

Migraine

Neuralgias

Facial spasm

Disorders of circadian rhythm

Neuro-ophthalmology of space flight

19 Ocular Tumours

Benign epibulbar tumours

Malignant and premalignant epibulbar tumours

Iris tumours

Iris cysts

Ciliary body tumours

Tumours of the choroid

Neural retinal tumours

Retinal vascular tumours

Primary intraocular lymphoma

Tumours of the retinal pigment epithelium

Paraneoplastic syndromes

20 Ophthalmic Side Effects of

Systemic Medication

Eyelids

Cornea

Ciliary effusion

Lens

Uveitis

Retina

Optic nerve

Visual cortex

21 Trauma

Eyelid trauma

Orbital trauma

Trauma to the globe

Chemical injuries

Thermal burns

Index

Table