Part I. Theoretical Orientations: 1. The liberal tradition in America: a historical-institutionalist approach to US language policy Selma K. Sonntag; 2. The political ethics of linguistic in-betweenness Yael Peled; 3. Alienation, language work, and the so-called commodification of language John Petrovic; 4. Putting Canadian language politics in a global context Peter Ives; Part II. The USA Context: 5. Disciplining bilingual education Nelson Flores; 6. Measuring multilingualism in Canada and the US: ideology, policy and census language questions Jennifer Leeman; 7. The rise, fall, and rebirth of bilingual education in US educational policy and the new American dilemma Terrence G. Wiley; 8. Language policy conflicts: New York City's efforts to expand bilingual education amidst English-only assimilationist pressures Kate Menken and Sharon Avni; 9. Indigenous language reclamation - cautionary tale and necessary intervention in raciolinguistic inequality Teresa L. McCarty; 10. The politics of language education policy development and implementation: Minnesota (not so) nice? Kendall King and Martha Bigelow; Part III. The Canadian Context: 11. Heritage language education policies and the regulation of racial and linguistic difference in Ontario Jeff Bale; 12. A Foucauldian approach to language policy in Canada Eve Haque; 13. Promises, acts, and action: Indigenous language politics in Canada Donna Patrick; 14. Language, land, and stewardship: Indigenous imperatives and Canadian policies Mark Fettes; 15. A land of immigration and official French-English bilingualism: politics and policies for integration of adult immigrants into French-Canadian minority communities Monika Jezak; 16. Ethnocultural and linguistic diversity: new challenges to Canada's language regime Linda Cardinal and Rémi Léger.