Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I. Medicina: Healers and Healing in Early Medieval Europe (500-1100)

Chapter One: The Fragmented Heritage of Ancient Medicine

I. The Alexandrian Curriculum in Latin Dress

1. Isidore of Seville: The Canon of Medicine

2. The Old Latin Commentary on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates

3. Teaching the Alexandrian Curriculum in Sixth-Century Italy: Agnellus of Ravenna's Commentary on Galen's On Sects

4. An Early Medieval Summary of Medical Theory: The Wisdom of the Art of Medicine

II. Medical Practices in a Changing World

5. An Encyclopedia of Practical Medicine from the Age of Justinian: Alexander of Tralles

6. Galen Enlarged for Practice: Pseudo-Galen, Liber tertius on Pneumonia and Pleurisy

7. Echoes of Methodism: "Aurelius" on Rabies

8. Medical Self-Help for the Gentleman Traveler: The Medicine and Natural Remedies of "Pliny"

9. A Late Antique Estate-Holder's Manual of Home Remedies

10. The Doctor as Connoisseur of Pulses and Urines

11. Prognosis and Prophecy

Chapter Two: Christianity, Disease, and Medicine

I. Saints as Healers

12. A Sixth-Century Byzantine Saint Dispenses Medical Advice: Theodore of Sykeon

13. The Medical World of Gregory of Tours: Plagues, Doctors, and Saints

14. A Reluctant Bishop-Healer: John of Beverley

15. A Carolingian Therapeutic Passion of Saints Cosmas and Damian

II. Rituals of Healing

16. St Sigismund, Patron of Sufferers from Fever

17. "Prayers to the Earth and All Herbs"

Chapter Three: Medicine in Early Medieval Courts and Cloisters

I. The Doctor at Court

18. The Court Physician in Ostrogothic Italy

19. Dietary Advice for a Merovingian King

20. Alcuin on the Doctors at Charlemagne's Court

II. Monastic Medicine in the Early Medieval West

21. The Care of the Sick at the Monastery of Vivarium

22. Medical Injunctions in the Rule of St Benedict

23. A Monastic Defense of Medicine against Rigorist Critics: The Lorsch Leechbook

24. The Plan of St Gall: Medical Facilities within an Ideal Monastery

25. Medicine, Morality, and Meditation in a Monastic Herb-Garden: Walahfrid Strabo's The Little Garden

III. The Medical Networks of Missionaries and Bishops

26. The Medical Networks of Eighth-Century Anglo-Saxon Missionaries

27. Bishop Pardulus of Laon Dispenses Medical Advice

28. Elias of Jerusalem Sends a Prescription to King Alfred of Wessex

29. Letters of Medical Advice from Bishop Fulbert of Chartres and His Circle

Chapter Four: A Regional Case Study: Medicine in Anglo-Saxon England

30. Bald's Leechbook and Leechbook III

Part II. Physica: The Advent and Impact of Academic Medicine (1100-1500)

Chapter Five: Salerno: Medicine's "Theoretical Turn" and the Rationalization of Practice

31. Tenth-Century Medicine: The Testimony of Richer of Rheims

32. Constantine the African: The Romance of Translating Arabic Medicine

33. Medical Theory and the Formation of the Articella (1): The Isagoge of Joannitius

34. Medical Theory and the Formation of the Articella (2): Bartholomaeus of Salerno Comments on the Isagoge

35. Salernitan Anatomy: The Second Salernitan Demonstration

36. The Practice of Pharmacy Rationalized

37. The Practice of Therapeutics Rationalized: The Practice of Medicine by Bartholomaeus of Salerno

38. The Practice of Surgery Rationalized: The Surgery of Roger Frugard

39. The Salernitan Tradition of Gynecology: The Trotula

Chapter Six: Via scolaris: Medicine in the University

I. Faculties and Curricula

40. From Philosophy to Physic: Paris from the Late Twelfth Century to the Late Thirteenth Century

41. Montpellier and the "New Galen"

42. The "University of Arts and Medicine" at Bologna

II. Medical Scholasticism in Action: Authoritative Texts and Academic Commentaries

43. Is Medicine a Science? (1) Avicenna and His Commentator Gentile of Foligno

44. Is Medicine a Science? (2) Arnau of Vilanova Argues that Medicine Transcends Theory

45. Is Medicine a Science? (3) Henri of Mondeville on Progress in Medicine

46. The Scholastic Quaestio: Aristotle vs. Galen on the Generation of the Embryo

47. Academic Dissection as "Material Commentary" (1): Mondino de'Liuzzi

48. Academic Dissection as "Material Commentary" (2): Anatomical Illustration

49. Scholastic Medicine Popularized: Bartholomaeus Anglicus on Diseases of the Head and of the Mind

Chapter Seven: Theory and Practice in Scholastic Medicine

50. Signs and Diagnosis (1): Gilles of Corbeil on Urines

51. Signs and Diagnosis (2): Epitome on Pulses

52. Causes: The Case of Epilepsy

53. Scholastic Therapeutics (1): Rhazes, Book for Almansor

54. Scholastic Therapeutics (2) John of Gaddesden on Smallpox

55. Scholastic Pharmacology: Bernard of Gordon

56. A Primer on Bloodletting (1): Lanfranc of Milan's Scholastic Phlebotomy

57. A Primer on Bloodletting (2): The "Sign Man": An Astrological Guide to Phlebotomy

58. Is Surgery a Science? (1): Lanfranc of Milan Defends the Intellectual Dignity of Surgery

59. Is Surgery a Science? (2): Henri of Mondeville Defends the Scientific Credentials of Surgery

60. Is Surgery a Science? (3): Guy of Chauliac's History of Surgery

61. A Surgical Sampler (1): Guy of Chauliac on the Treatment of Wounds

62. A Surgical Sampler (2): Teodorico Borgognoni and the New Surgical Diseases

63. A Surgical Sampler (3): Ophthalmic Surgery

64. A Surgical Sampler (4): Surgical Anesthesia?

Chapter Eight: Contested Frontiers of Scholastic Medicine: Medical Astrology and Medical Alchemy

65. Panacea or Problem? (1): The Case for Medical Astrology

66. Panacea or Problem? (2): Jacques Despars's Reservations about Medical Astrology

67. Roger Bacon: Alchemy and the Medical Payoff of "Experimental Science"

68. Bisticius: A Florentine Goldsmith and Medical Alchemist

Part III. Medicine and Society (1100-1500)

Chapter Nine: What is Disease? What is Illness? Doctors' Dilemmas and the Meaning of Suffering

69. Interpreting Symptoms: The Difficult Case of Leprosy

70. Metaphor and Malignancy: The Difficult Case of Cancer (1): Jean of Tournemire Diagnoses His Daughter's Breast Cancer and Receives Divine Medical Aid

71. Metaphor and Malignancy: The Difficult Case of Cancer (2): Guillaume Boucher Treats a Parisian Lady with Breast Cancer

72. The Enigma of Mental Illness

73. Prophecy and Healing: The Meaning of Illness According to Hildegard of Bingen

Chapter Ten: Who Can Help? Physicians, "Empirics," and the Spectrum of Practitioners

74. Should Clergy and Monks Practice Medicine?

75. The Faculty of Medicine of Paris vs. Jacopa Felicie

76. The Faculty of Medicine of Paris vs. Jean Domremi

77. Jewish Doctors: The Case of Provence

Chapter Eleven: What Can They Do? Clinical Encounters in Medieval Europe

78. The Doctor at the Bedside (1): Precept According to Archimatthaeus

79. The Doctor at the Bedside (2): Precept According to Arnau of Vilanova

80. The Doctor at the Bedside (3): Practice Illustrated by Guillaume Boucher

81. Tried and True: Medical Experimenta ("Proven Remedies") by Arnau of Vilanova

82. Customized Therapeutics: The Medieval Medical Consilium (1)

83. Customized Therapeutics: The Medieval Medical Consilium (2): Gentile of Foligno

84. The Special Challenges of Plague (1): The Report of the Paris Medical Faculty, October 1348

85. The Special Challenges of Plague (2): Guy of Chauliac on the Black Death

86. The Special Challenges of Plague (3): John of Burgundy's Treatise on the Epidemic

Chapter Twelve: The Ethics of Medical Care (1): Conscience and the Law

87. Professional Character in the Early Middle Ages: Variations on Hippocratic Themes

88. Ethics of Care in the Early Middle Ages: Christian Reflections

89. Professional Conduct in the Later Middle Ages: From Character to Code

90. Licensing and Accountability (1): Malpractice in Crusader Palestine

91. Licensing and Accountability (2): Legislation Governing Doctors in the Thirteenth-Century Kingdom of Sicily

92. Licensing and Accountability (3): Examining and Supervising Practitioners in Fourteenth-Century Valencia

93. John Arderne's Advice on How to Determine the Fee, and Other Matters of Medical Etiquette

Chapter Thirteen: The Ethics of Medical Care (2): Hospitals and the Provision of Charity

94. The Organization and Ethos of a Medieval Hospital (1): The Jerusalem Hospital

95. The Organization and Ethos of a Medieval Hospital (2): The Hôtel-Dieu in Paris

96. The Organization and Ethos of a Medieval Hospital (3): A Twelfth-Century English Leper Hospital

97. Medical Care in a Medieval Hospital (1): The Jerusalem Hospital

98. Medical Care in a Medieval Hospital (2): John of Mirfield at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London

Chapter Fourteen: The Cultivation of Health: Lifestyle, Regimen, and the Medical Self

99. Lifestyle Advice for All (1): The Salerno Regimen of Health

100. Lifestyle Advice for All (2): Aldobrandino of Siena on Health throughout the Life Cycle

...