Kelly DeVries is a professor in the Department of History at Loyola University, Maryland and an honorary historical consultant at the Royal Armouries, UK.

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part I: Arms and Armor

Chapter 1: Arms

The Spear/Lance

The Axe

The Sword

The Dagger

The Staff-Weapon

The Mace

The War Hammer

The Sling

The Bow

The Crossbow

Chapter 2: Armor

Early Medieval Armor

Armor in the Bayeux Tapestry

Twelfth-Century Armor

Shields, Helmets, and Heraldry in the Thirteenth Century

Fourteenth-Century Body Armor

Cloth-Covered Armor from the Battlefield of Visby

Later Fourteenth-Century Armor Developments

Plate Armor

Late Medieval Infantry Armor

Late Medieval Helmets

Late Medieval Shields and Barding

Chapter 3: The Stirrup, Mounted Shock Combat, Chivalry, and Feudalism

White's Thesis

Criticism of White's Thesis

Part II: Artillery

Chapter 4: Non-Gunpowder Artillery

Torsion Catapults

Traction Trebuchets

Counterweight Trebuchets

Greek Fire

Chapter 5: Gunpowder Artillery

Early History of European Gunpower Weapons

Siege, Battlefield, and Naval Applications

Types and Manufacturing of Gunpowder, Gunpowder Weapons, and Projectiles

Societal Impacts and Administrative Changes

Chapter 6: Siege Machines

Ladders

Siege Towers

Battering Rams and Mining Devices

Part III: Fortifications

Chapter 7: Early Medieval Fortifications

Late Roman and Barbarian

Carolingian

The Viking Invasions and Reactions

Chapter 8: The Motte-and-Bailey Castle

The Influence of William the Conqueror

Construction Techniques

Chapter 9: Stone Castles

The Origin of Stone Castles

Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century Stone Castles

Crusader Castles

The Golden Age of Castle Construction

Edward I's Castles in Wales

Chapter 10: Urban Fortifications and Fortified Residences

Fortified Residences

Town Walls

The Influence of Gunpowder Weapons

Part IV: Warships

Chapter 11: Early Medieval Warships

Late Roman and Early Medieval Ships

Viking Ships

William the Conqueror’s Fleet

Chapter 12: High and Late Medieval Warships

Crusader Ships

Thirteenth-Century Ships

Technological Innovations

Later Medieval Ships

Conclusion

Bibliography

Index