Frank Harris was Emeritus Professor of Construction Science at the University of Wolverhampton, UK.

Ronald McCaffer is Emeritus Professor in Construction Management at Loughborough University, UK.

Andrew Baldwin is Emeritus Professor in Construction Management at Loughborough University, UK.

Francis Edum-Fotwe holds a Lectureship in Construction and Project Management at Loughborough University, UK.

About the authors xi

Preface to the eighth edition xiii

Companion website xv

1 Introduction 1

Structure of the book 2

Objectives and contents 3

2 Quality management 9

Summary 9

Introduction 9

Notions of quality 9

Quality in transition 10

Quality control and inspection 11

Quality assurance 13

Total quality management 20

A systems approach to managing quality 26

Further Reading 32

Section 1: Project production management 33

3 Production process improvement 35

Summary 35

Introduction to lean construction 35

Energy 36

Productivity 36

Economic development 37

International environmental protocols 45

UK emissions 47

Productivity improvement 49

Management systems 54

Management processes (see BS 6079) 60

Employee participation 71

Macro key performance indicators 87

Further Reading 88

4 Planning techniques and methods 89

Summary 89

Introduction 89

Planning in construction 89

Who plans? 90

Planning the design process 92

Planning for waste management 93

Planning for safety, health, and the environment (SHE) 94

Planning techniques 95

Other planning techniques 112

Modern construction planning 119

Monitoring progress and managing the time model 121

Construction planning and scheduling with 4D CAD and BIM 122

Planning multiple projects 123

Appendix 4.A. Normal Probability Distribution Tables (Table 4.3) 125

Further Reading 126

5 Workforce motivation 127

Summary 127

Introduction 127

Motivation theories 127

Payment systems, remuneration and performance 132

Further Reading 144

6 Project cost control 147

Summary 147

Why cost-control is essential for construction projects 147

A cost-control procedure for construction works 148

Points to consider when choosing a cost-control system 159

Management of the carbon footprint 160

Further Reading 160

7 Management of equipment 161

Summary 161

Acquisition of plant and equipment 161

The financing of equipment 162

Systematic plant selection 164

The essential characteristics of a decision situation 165

Setting hire rates 173

Marginal costing 180

Plant maintenance 180

Monitoring of maintenance servicing and exhaust emissions 181

Human-centred approaches 182

Further Reading 182

Section 2: Business management 183

8 Project procurement 185

Summary 185

Introduction 185

The construction process (BS 6079-1:2002) 186

ISO/BS procurement standards 189

Appointing the team/parties to the contract 190

Public contracts and supplies 192

Project manager/leader 193

The contract 197

Health and safety considerations 201

Categories of contract 204

Separated and cooperative contracts 204

Management-oriented contracts 207

Integrated contracts 211

Discretionary contracts 219

Performance of different contract categories 223

Client risk exposure for different contract categories 223

Further Reading 225

9 Estimating and tendering 227

Summary 227

Introduction 227

Parties involved in estimating and tendering 230

The estimating process 232

BOQ estimating 232

Collection and calculation of cost information 234

Project study 242

Preparing the estimate 243

Submitting the tender 251

Estimating in management contracting 252

Design and build 254

Cost planning 255

Cost management 255

Whole-life costing 256

Private finance initiative (PFI) 256

Computer aided estimating 257

BIM and estimating 258

Summary 259

Future Reading 260

10 Competitive bidding 261

Summary 261

Introduction 261

Part 1: A brief review of bidding strategy 262

Part 2: The importance of accuracy in estimating 268

Part 3: Some ways of using the existing theories 275

Recent developments in bidding 282

Client evaluation of bids 283

Further Reading 285

11 Company budgetary control 287

Summary 287

Introduction 287

Preparation of budgets 288

The carbon footprint 295

Further Reading 297

12 Cash flow and interim valuations 299

Summary 299

Introduction 299

The need for cash flow forecasting by contractors 299

The requirements of a forecasting system 301

Capital lock-up 306

The factors that affect capital lock-up 307

Interim valuations and cash flow 312

Measurement of work in activities 316

Computers and cash flow 316

Cash flow forecast by standardised models 319

Closing remarks 319

Further Reading 320

13 Economic assessments 321

Summary 321

Introduction 321

Interest 323

Economic comparisons 325

Profitability measures 328

Inflation 332

Accuracy of future estimates 336

Financial Modelling 340

Cost-benefit analysis 345

Some worked examples 347

Further Reading 354

Section 3: Administration and company management 355

14 Company organisation 357

Summary 357

Introduction 357

The function of a manager 357

Company organisational structures 359

Departments/functions 368

Health, safety, occupational welfare and pensions 376

Educational qualifications and vocational training 377

Corporate social responsibility 385

Management attitude 386

Construction companies in an internet age 387

Virtual companies 388

Collaborative working 388

Further Reading 388

15 Market planning and business development 389

Summary 389

Introduction 389

Market planning 389

The business-development process 390

16 International construction logistics and risks 401

Summary 401

Introduction 401

The international environment 402

Further Reading 409

17 Towards BIM and digital construction 411

Summary 411

Introduction 411

Information and information management 412

The construction company's business 413

Processes involved in a construction business 413

Information needs to support business processes 416

Management of contractors' information resources 417

Construction information systems 420

The construction information manager 425

The emergence of BIM 426

BIM standards 428

Digital construction 433

Further Reading 434

18 Financial management 435

Summary 435

Introduction 435

Types of businesses 435

Types of capital 440

The control of capital 446

The company accounts 449

Regulatory authorities 461

Further Reading 462

Section 4: Self-learning exercises 463

19 Questions - construction management 465

Questions 467

20 Questions - operational research (OR) 519

Summary 519

Questions 521

21 Questions - six sigma 533

Six sigma 534

Problems (readers should start with Problem 1) 534

Further Reading 555

Bibliography 557

Abbreviations and acronyms 571

Index 577