This specialized textbook will be dedicated to the various disease topics of pediatric neurosurgery and management strategies. The text will cover the different aspects of the field of pediatric neurosurgery in a unique way by giving state of the art up-to-date synopsis with references to recent publications. More specifically, the whole book is dedicated to a comprehensive discussion of brainstem tumors and other lesions. It will be composed of 20 chapters. The various chapters will start from updates regarding the development of the nervous system and the clinical differences in assessing the infant or a child in comparison to the adult patient. The book then will focus on various pathologies starting with hydrocephalus, pediatric brain and spine tumors, congenital malformation, spasticity, epilepsy, and more. The proposed textbook will be enriched with diagnostic and surgical images, and illustrations that cover all types of pediatric neurosurgery pathologies, with an emphasis on evidence-based data that reflects the controversies and possible solutions. The main structure of each chapter will include a short synopsis of the topic at hand, questions and answers that will inspire the reader for better understanding, learning objectives, and key references for further reading.