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This book covers pot-pollen¿the other product, besides honey, stored in cerumen pots by Meliponini. Critical assessment is given of stingless bee and pot-pollen biodiversity in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Topics addressed include historical biogeography, cultural knowledge, bee foraging behavior, pollination, ecological interactions, health applications, microbiology, the natural history of bee nests, and chemical, bioactive and individual plant components in stored pollen.
Pot-pollen maintains the livelihoods of stingless bees and provides many interesting biological products that are just now beginning to be understood. The Meliponini have developed particular nesting biologies, uses of building materials, and an architecture for pollen storage. Environmental windows provide optimal temperature and availability of pollen sources for success in plant pollination and pollen storage. Palynological composition and pollen taxonomy are usedto assess stingless honey bee pollination services. Pollen processing with microorganisms in the nest modifies chemical composition and bioactivity, and confers nutraceutical benefits to the honey and pollen widely relished by native people. Humans have always used stingless bees. Yet, sustainable meliponiculture (stingless bee-keeping) projects have so far lacked a treatise on pot-pollen, which experts provide in this transdisciplinary, groundbreaking volume.
This book covers pot-pollen¿the other product, besides honey, stored in cerumen pots by Meliponini. Critical assessment is given of stingless bee and pot-pollen biodiversity in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Topics addressed include historical biogeography, cultural knowledge, bee foraging behavior, pollination, ecological interactions, health applications, microbiology, the natural history of bee nests, and chemical, bioactive and individual plant components in stored pollen.
Pot-pollen maintains the livelihoods of stingless bees and provides many interesting biological products that are just now beginning to be understood. The Meliponini have developed particular nesting biologies, uses of building materials, and an architecture for pollen storage. Environmental windows provide optimal temperature and availability of pollen sources for success in plant pollination and pollen storage. Palynological composition and pollen taxonomy are usedto assess stingless honey bee pollination services. Pollen processing with microorganisms in the nest modifies chemical composition and bioactivity, and confers nutraceutical benefits to the honey and pollen widely relished by native people. Humans have always used stingless bees. Yet, sustainable meliponiculture (stingless bee-keeping) projects have so far lacked a treatise on pot-pollen, which experts provide in this transdisciplinary, groundbreaking volume.
Über den Autor
Professor Patricia Vit, MSc PhD
Universidad de Los AndesFaculty of Pharmacy and BioanalysisFood Science DepartmentMérida, Venezuela
The Sydney UniversityCancer Research GroupDiscipline of Biomedical ScienceSydney, Australia
Dr. Silvia R.M. PedroUniversidade de São PauloSchool of Philosophy, Sciences and LiteratureBiology DepartmentBrasil
Dr. David W. RoubikSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteTerrestrial Biology DivisionEntomology DepartmentPanama
Universidad de Los AndesFaculty of Pharmacy and BioanalysisFood Science DepartmentMérida, Venezuela
The Sydney UniversityCancer Research GroupDiscipline of Biomedical ScienceSydney, Australia
Dr. Silvia R.M. PedroUniversidade de São PauloSchool of Philosophy, Sciences and LiteratureBiology DepartmentBrasil
Dr. David W. RoubikSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteTerrestrial Biology DivisionEntomology DepartmentPanama
Zusammenfassung
Provides reviews, new research, guidelines, and references on diverse topics concerning pollen from the world's leading experts
Investigates controlling factors in the behavior of pollinators returning to their nests, predicting behavior of different stingless bee species
Analyzes the development of artificial diets, management, pest control, and marketing of stingless bee-keeping
Includes supplementary material: [...]
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Forewords
Introduction
Acknowledgements
SECTION 1
Pollen and the Evolution of Mutualism
1. Pot-Pollen as a Discipline. What Does it Include? 1.1. Pot-Pollen and Palynology from an Ecological Point of View 1.2. A Modern Synthesis of Bee-Pollen and Pot-Pollen Study
1.3. Plant Reproduction 1.4. Pollination
1.5. Pollen Biology and Palynology 1.6. Applied Pollen Taxonomy
2. Are Stingless Bees a Broadly Polylectic Group? An Empirical Study of the Adjustments Required for an Improved Assessment of Pollen Diet in Bees
2.1. Introduction 2.2. Pollen Specialization Categories in Bees
2.3. Pollen Analysis of Samples 2.4. Adjustment Calculations to Assess Pollen Specialization Categories in Stingless Bees
2.4.1. Modifying the Number of Foraged Resource Items: Threshold Values and Pollen Type Versus Pollen Species
2.4.2. Modifying the Number of Available Resources: Spatial and Temporal Adjustments 2.5. The Importance of an Appropriate Assessment of Pollen Specialization in Bees: Factors Causing Low Number of Foraged Items
2.5.1 Abundant Versus Minor Pollen Types
2.5.2 Recruitment Behaviour
2.5.3 Intra-nest Pollen Analysis
2.6. Factors Causing High Number of Available Items<
2.7. Polylecty, Broad Polylecty or Simply degrees of polylecty?<
3. Pollen collected by stingless bees: a contribution to understand Amazonian biodiversity
3.1. Introduction
3.1.1 Origin and Evolution of Plant-Bee Interactions
3.2. The Use of Pollen Analysis in the Study of Bees in the Amazon Rainforest 3.3. Diversity of Plants, Stingless Bees and their Interactions in Central Amazon
3.4. Amazonian Bee Diet, Biology and Suggested Interactions Potentially Leading to Pollination 3.5. How to Improve Meliponiculture for Sustainable Development in the Amazon
3.6. Conclusions
4. The Stingless Honey Bees (Apidae, Apinae: Meliponini) in Panama, and Ecology from Pollen Analysis 4.1. An Introduction to the Stingless Honey Bees and Pot-Pollen, in Panama 4.2. Pollen niche, relative specialization, and pollen spectrum
4.2.1 Qualitative and quantitative analyses
4.2.2 Field bee short-term resource selection
4.2.3 Pollen of popular meliponines , Africanized honeybees and lesser known species
4.2.4 Pollination ecology and population biology
4.2.5 Conclusions and ecological perspective
5. The value of plants for the Mayan stingless honey bee Melipona beecheii (Apidae: Meliponini): a pollen-based study in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
5.1. Understanding the Ecology of a Mayan Resource and Cultural Icon 5.2. Baseline Studies of Invasive Honeybees and Native Neotropical Bees 5.3. Fieldwork
5.4. Pollen Analysis from Pot-Pollen Samples
5.5. Understanding Bee Resource Use in Dynamic Natural Environments
6. Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees from East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
6.1. Introduction ^len Collection by Heterotrigona itama in Tropical Island of Taman Tropika Kenyir, Terengganu
6.3. Pollen Collection and Abundance among Colonies of Lepidotrigona terminata from a Meliponary in Besut, Terengganu 6.4. Selected Flowers Producing Pollen Preferred by Stingless Bees in Terengganu
6.5. Conclusions
7. The Contribution of Palynological Surveys to Stingless Bee Conservation: a Case Study with Melipona subnitida 7.1. Introduction
7.2. Floral Resources-Dynamics: Pot-Pollen versus Pollen from the Bees' Body
7.3. Melittopalynology as Tool for Restoration Strategies: Suitable Foraging Habitats 7.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Steps
8. Pollen Storage by Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides in a Protected Urban Atlantic Forest Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Getting Pollen Loads and Pollen Grains by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides 8.3. Palynological Characteristics of Pollen Batches Collected from the Baskets of M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.3.1 Monofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.2 Bifloral Pollen Loads
8.3.3 Heterofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.4 Additional Pollen Types
8.3.5 Additional Structured Elements 8.4. Plant Families, Genera and Species Mostly Visited by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.5. Conclusion
9. Angiosperm Resources for Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini): A Pot-Pollen Melittopalynological Study in the Gulf of Mexico
9.1. Introduction 9.2. Background of Melittopalynological Studies in Mexico 9.3. Methods and Study Areas
9.4. Floral Resources Foraged by Melipona beecheii in the State of Campeche
9.4.1 Angiosperm Resources for Melipona beecheii 9.4.2 Physicochemical Analyses of Melipona beecheii Pot-Honey
9.5. Meliponiculture and Melitopalynological Study of Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen in Veracruz
9.5.1 INANA¿s Sustainable Meliponiculture
9.5.2 Angiosperm Resources for Scaptotrigona mexicana, Plebeia sp. and Melipona beecheii in Veracruz
9.6. Analysis of the Plant Preferences of Stingless Bees in Campeche and Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico 9.7. Angiosperms Recorded in Systematic Mexican Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees
9.8. General Considerations
10. Annual Foraging Patterns of the Maya Bee Melipona beecheii (Bennett, 1831) in Quintana Roo, Mexico
10.1. Introduction
10.2. A case study
10.2.1 Field observations: registering bees activity
10.2.2. Foraging Activity to Collect Pollen and Nectar
10.2.3. Stored Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen Reserves
10.2.4. Offspring 10.3. Correlations Between the Studied Factors<
11. Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.1. Introduction
11.2. Characteristics of Stingless Bees as Pollinators
11.3. Field Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.4. Greenhouse Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees
11.5. Stingless Bee Management under Greenhouse Conditions
11.6. Perspectives
12. Stingless Bees as Potential Pollinators in Agroecosystems in Argentina: Inferences from Pot-Pollen Studies in Natural Environments
12.1. Introduction 12.2. Potential Pollination by Stingless Bees: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
12.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Reduced-Moderate Flight Range in Stingless Bees
12.2.2. Pollination Using Ground Nesting Stingless Bees 12.3. Pollen Spectra of Pot-Pollen in Colonies of Stingless Bees from Natural Environments
12.4. Crops Potentially Pollinated by Stingless Bees in Argentina 12.5. Spatial Variation of Crops in Argentina
12.6. Temporal Variation of Flower Availability in Agroecosystems 12.7. Crop and Non-Crop Flowerings Present in Agroecosystems Beneficial for the Maintenance of Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.1. Pollinating the Target Crop
12.7.2. Weeds and Edge Vegetation as Complementary Flowerings for Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.3. Diversified Agroecosystems as Best Habitat for Stingless Bee Pollination and Colony Management
12.8. Case Study: Pollination of Strawberries with Plebeia catamarcensis (Holmberg) in Santa Fe, Central Argentina
12.8.1. Strawberry Cultivation in Argentina
12.8.2 The Strawberry in Santa Fe
12.8.3 Meliponini: Potential Pollinators in Santa Fe Strawberry Crops
SECTION 2 Biodiversity, Behavior and Microorganisms of the Stingless Bees (Meliponini)
13. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Meliponini) from Gabon
13.1. Introduction 13.2. Taxonomy and Morphological Diversity of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.3. Distribution of Stingless Bee Fauna in Gabon
13.4. Biology, Ecology and Nesting Behavior of the Stingless Bees
13.5. Knowledge and Traditional Use of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.6. Conclusion
14. Pushing 100 Species: Meliponines (Apidae: Meliponini) in a Parcel of Western Amazonian Forest at Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador
14.1. Yasuní Forest and Melittological Background 14.2. Discovering Meliponine Biodiversity
14.3. Species Accounts and Frequency
14.4. Insights from Comparative Morphology and other Rich Amazonian Areas 14.5. Bioprospecting for Pollination Knowledge and Sustainable Exploitation
15. Diversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador, Pot-Pollen Standards and Meliponiculture Fostering a Living Museum for Meliponini of the World
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Megabiodiversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador 15.3. A Revised Ecuadorian Honey Norm and Approach to Pot-Pollen Standards 15.4. Stingless Bee Keepers are Crucial for the Heritage and Conservation Mission
15.5. A Stingless Bee Window to Look at Climate Warming 15.5. Why a Living Museum to Embrace Meliponini of the World?
16. Nesting Ecology of Stingless Bees in Africa 16.1. Introduction
16.2. Meliponine Origin, Dispersal and Richness
16.3. Stingless Bee Species in Africa
16.4. Stingless Bee Nest Architecture 16.5. African Stingless Bee Nesting Behavior
17. On the Trophic Niche of Bees in Cerrado Areas of Brazil and Yeasts in their Stored Pollen
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Pollen Harvested by Native Bees of the Cerrado
17.3. Yeasts in Stored Pollen: Diversity and Ecological Role
18. A Review of the Artificial Diets Used as Pot-Pollen Substitutes
18.1. Introduction 18.1.1 Aim of the Chapter 18.1.2 How do Stingless Bees Harvest and Store their Food?
18.2. The Fermentation Process in Stingless Bees Storage Pots
18.2.1 General Characteristics of Pollen Fermentation
18.2.2 Microbial fermentation and nutritional enhancement of pollen
18.2.3 Impacts of Exogenous Compounds in Pollen
18.3. Microorganisms Present in Pot-Pollen
18.3.1 Generalities of host-associated microorganisms
18.3.2 Bacteria
18.3.3 Yeasts
18.3.4 Filamentous Fungi 18.4. Development of Artificial Diets
19. Yeast and Bacterial Composition in Pot-Pollen Recovered from Meliponini in Colombia: Prospects for a Promising Biological Resource 19.1. Introduction 19.2. General Properties of Corbicular Bee-Derived Pollen 19.3. The Key...
Introduction
Acknowledgements
SECTION 1
Pollen and the Evolution of Mutualism
1. Pot-Pollen as a Discipline. What Does it Include? 1.1. Pot-Pollen and Palynology from an Ecological Point of View 1.2. A Modern Synthesis of Bee-Pollen and Pot-Pollen Study
1.3. Plant Reproduction 1.4. Pollination
1.5. Pollen Biology and Palynology 1.6. Applied Pollen Taxonomy
2. Are Stingless Bees a Broadly Polylectic Group? An Empirical Study of the Adjustments Required for an Improved Assessment of Pollen Diet in Bees
2.1. Introduction 2.2. Pollen Specialization Categories in Bees
2.3. Pollen Analysis of Samples 2.4. Adjustment Calculations to Assess Pollen Specialization Categories in Stingless Bees
2.4.1. Modifying the Number of Foraged Resource Items: Threshold Values and Pollen Type Versus Pollen Species
2.4.2. Modifying the Number of Available Resources: Spatial and Temporal Adjustments 2.5. The Importance of an Appropriate Assessment of Pollen Specialization in Bees: Factors Causing Low Number of Foraged Items
2.5.1 Abundant Versus Minor Pollen Types
2.5.2 Recruitment Behaviour
2.5.3 Intra-nest Pollen Analysis
2.6. Factors Causing High Number of Available Items<
2.7. Polylecty, Broad Polylecty or Simply degrees of polylecty?<
3. Pollen collected by stingless bees: a contribution to understand Amazonian biodiversity
3.1. Introduction
3.1.1 Origin and Evolution of Plant-Bee Interactions
3.2. The Use of Pollen Analysis in the Study of Bees in the Amazon Rainforest 3.3. Diversity of Plants, Stingless Bees and their Interactions in Central Amazon
3.4. Amazonian Bee Diet, Biology and Suggested Interactions Potentially Leading to Pollination 3.5. How to Improve Meliponiculture for Sustainable Development in the Amazon
3.6. Conclusions
4. The Stingless Honey Bees (Apidae, Apinae: Meliponini) in Panama, and Ecology from Pollen Analysis 4.1. An Introduction to the Stingless Honey Bees and Pot-Pollen, in Panama 4.2. Pollen niche, relative specialization, and pollen spectrum
4.2.1 Qualitative and quantitative analyses
4.2.2 Field bee short-term resource selection
4.2.3 Pollen of popular meliponines , Africanized honeybees and lesser known species
4.2.4 Pollination ecology and population biology
4.2.5 Conclusions and ecological perspective
5. The value of plants for the Mayan stingless honey bee Melipona beecheii (Apidae: Meliponini): a pollen-based study in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
5.1. Understanding the Ecology of a Mayan Resource and Cultural Icon 5.2. Baseline Studies of Invasive Honeybees and Native Neotropical Bees 5.3. Fieldwork
5.4. Pollen Analysis from Pot-Pollen Samples
5.5. Understanding Bee Resource Use in Dynamic Natural Environments
6. Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees from East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
6.1. Introduction ^len Collection by Heterotrigona itama in Tropical Island of Taman Tropika Kenyir, Terengganu
6.3. Pollen Collection and Abundance among Colonies of Lepidotrigona terminata from a Meliponary in Besut, Terengganu 6.4. Selected Flowers Producing Pollen Preferred by Stingless Bees in Terengganu
6.5. Conclusions
7. The Contribution of Palynological Surveys to Stingless Bee Conservation: a Case Study with Melipona subnitida 7.1. Introduction
7.2. Floral Resources-Dynamics: Pot-Pollen versus Pollen from the Bees' Body
7.3. Melittopalynology as Tool for Restoration Strategies: Suitable Foraging Habitats 7.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Steps
8. Pollen Storage by Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides in a Protected Urban Atlantic Forest Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Getting Pollen Loads and Pollen Grains by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides 8.3. Palynological Characteristics of Pollen Batches Collected from the Baskets of M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.3.1 Monofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.2 Bifloral Pollen Loads
8.3.3 Heterofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.4 Additional Pollen Types
8.3.5 Additional Structured Elements 8.4. Plant Families, Genera and Species Mostly Visited by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.5. Conclusion
9. Angiosperm Resources for Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini): A Pot-Pollen Melittopalynological Study in the Gulf of Mexico
9.1. Introduction 9.2. Background of Melittopalynological Studies in Mexico 9.3. Methods and Study Areas
9.4. Floral Resources Foraged by Melipona beecheii in the State of Campeche
9.4.1 Angiosperm Resources for Melipona beecheii 9.4.2 Physicochemical Analyses of Melipona beecheii Pot-Honey
9.5. Meliponiculture and Melitopalynological Study of Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen in Veracruz
9.5.1 INANA¿s Sustainable Meliponiculture
9.5.2 Angiosperm Resources for Scaptotrigona mexicana, Plebeia sp. and Melipona beecheii in Veracruz
9.6. Analysis of the Plant Preferences of Stingless Bees in Campeche and Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico 9.7. Angiosperms Recorded in Systematic Mexican Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees
9.8. General Considerations
10. Annual Foraging Patterns of the Maya Bee Melipona beecheii (Bennett, 1831) in Quintana Roo, Mexico
10.1. Introduction
10.2. A case study
10.2.1 Field observations: registering bees activity
10.2.2. Foraging Activity to Collect Pollen and Nectar
10.2.3. Stored Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen Reserves
10.2.4. Offspring 10.3. Correlations Between the Studied Factors<
11. Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.1. Introduction
11.2. Characteristics of Stingless Bees as Pollinators
11.3. Field Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.4. Greenhouse Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees
11.5. Stingless Bee Management under Greenhouse Conditions
11.6. Perspectives
12. Stingless Bees as Potential Pollinators in Agroecosystems in Argentina: Inferences from Pot-Pollen Studies in Natural Environments
12.1. Introduction 12.2. Potential Pollination by Stingless Bees: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
12.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Reduced-Moderate Flight Range in Stingless Bees
12.2.2. Pollination Using Ground Nesting Stingless Bees 12.3. Pollen Spectra of Pot-Pollen in Colonies of Stingless Bees from Natural Environments
12.4. Crops Potentially Pollinated by Stingless Bees in Argentina 12.5. Spatial Variation of Crops in Argentina
12.6. Temporal Variation of Flower Availability in Agroecosystems 12.7. Crop and Non-Crop Flowerings Present in Agroecosystems Beneficial for the Maintenance of Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.1. Pollinating the Target Crop
12.7.2. Weeds and Edge Vegetation as Complementary Flowerings for Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.3. Diversified Agroecosystems as Best Habitat for Stingless Bee Pollination and Colony Management
12.8. Case Study: Pollination of Strawberries with Plebeia catamarcensis (Holmberg) in Santa Fe, Central Argentina
12.8.1. Strawberry Cultivation in Argentina
12.8.2 The Strawberry in Santa Fe
12.8.3 Meliponini: Potential Pollinators in Santa Fe Strawberry Crops
SECTION 2 Biodiversity, Behavior and Microorganisms of the Stingless Bees (Meliponini)
13. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Meliponini) from Gabon
13.1. Introduction 13.2. Taxonomy and Morphological Diversity of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.3. Distribution of Stingless Bee Fauna in Gabon
13.4. Biology, Ecology and Nesting Behavior of the Stingless Bees
13.5. Knowledge and Traditional Use of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.6. Conclusion
14. Pushing 100 Species: Meliponines (Apidae: Meliponini) in a Parcel of Western Amazonian Forest at Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador
14.1. Yasuní Forest and Melittological Background 14.2. Discovering Meliponine Biodiversity
14.3. Species Accounts and Frequency
14.4. Insights from Comparative Morphology and other Rich Amazonian Areas 14.5. Bioprospecting for Pollination Knowledge and Sustainable Exploitation
15. Diversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador, Pot-Pollen Standards and Meliponiculture Fostering a Living Museum for Meliponini of the World
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Megabiodiversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador 15.3. A Revised Ecuadorian Honey Norm and Approach to Pot-Pollen Standards 15.4. Stingless Bee Keepers are Crucial for the Heritage and Conservation Mission
15.5. A Stingless Bee Window to Look at Climate Warming 15.5. Why a Living Museum to Embrace Meliponini of the World?
16. Nesting Ecology of Stingless Bees in Africa 16.1. Introduction
16.2. Meliponine Origin, Dispersal and Richness
16.3. Stingless Bee Species in Africa
16.4. Stingless Bee Nest Architecture 16.5. African Stingless Bee Nesting Behavior
17. On the Trophic Niche of Bees in Cerrado Areas of Brazil and Yeasts in their Stored Pollen
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Pollen Harvested by Native Bees of the Cerrado
17.3. Yeasts in Stored Pollen: Diversity and Ecological Role
18. A Review of the Artificial Diets Used as Pot-Pollen Substitutes
18.1. Introduction 18.1.1 Aim of the Chapter 18.1.2 How do Stingless Bees Harvest and Store their Food?
18.2. The Fermentation Process in Stingless Bees Storage Pots
18.2.1 General Characteristics of Pollen Fermentation
18.2.2 Microbial fermentation and nutritional enhancement of pollen
18.2.3 Impacts of Exogenous Compounds in Pollen
18.3. Microorganisms Present in Pot-Pollen
18.3.1 Generalities of host-associated microorganisms
18.3.2 Bacteria
18.3.3 Yeasts
18.3.4 Filamentous Fungi 18.4. Development of Artificial Diets
19. Yeast and Bacterial Composition in Pot-Pollen Recovered from Meliponini in Colombia: Prospects for a Promising Biological Resource 19.1. Introduction 19.2. General Properties of Corbicular Bee-Derived Pollen 19.3. The Key...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Ökologie |
| Genre: | Biologie, Mathematik, Medizin, Naturwissenschaften, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Inhalt: |
xxiv
481 S. 45 s/w Illustr. 87 farbige Illustr. 481 p. 132 illus. 87 illus. in color. |
| ISBN-13: | 9783030096670 |
| ISBN-10: | 303009667X |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Autor: |
Vit, Patricia
Pedro, Silvia R.M. Roubik, David W. |
| Redaktion: |
Vit, Patricia
Roubik, David W. Pedro, Silvia R. M. |
| Herausgeber: | Patricia Vit/Silvia R M Pedro/David W Roubik |
| Auflage: | Softcover reprint of the original 1st edition 2018 |
| Hersteller: |
Springer Nature Switzerland
Springer International Publishing |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, D-69121 Heidelberg, juergen.hartmann@springer.com |
| Maße: | 254 x 178 x 28 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Patricia Vit (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 15.01.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 0,945 kg |
Über den Autor
Professor Patricia Vit, MSc PhD
Universidad de Los AndesFaculty of Pharmacy and BioanalysisFood Science DepartmentMérida, Venezuela
The Sydney UniversityCancer Research GroupDiscipline of Biomedical ScienceSydney, Australia
Dr. Silvia R.M. PedroUniversidade de São PauloSchool of Philosophy, Sciences and LiteratureBiology DepartmentBrasil
Dr. David W. RoubikSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteTerrestrial Biology DivisionEntomology DepartmentPanama
Universidad de Los AndesFaculty of Pharmacy and BioanalysisFood Science DepartmentMérida, Venezuela
The Sydney UniversityCancer Research GroupDiscipline of Biomedical ScienceSydney, Australia
Dr. Silvia R.M. PedroUniversidade de São PauloSchool of Philosophy, Sciences and LiteratureBiology DepartmentBrasil
Dr. David W. RoubikSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteTerrestrial Biology DivisionEntomology DepartmentPanama
Zusammenfassung
Provides reviews, new research, guidelines, and references on diverse topics concerning pollen from the world's leading experts
Investigates controlling factors in the behavior of pollinators returning to their nests, predicting behavior of different stingless bee species
Analyzes the development of artificial diets, management, pest control, and marketing of stingless bee-keeping
Includes supplementary material: [...]
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Forewords
Introduction
Acknowledgements
SECTION 1
Pollen and the Evolution of Mutualism
1. Pot-Pollen as a Discipline. What Does it Include? 1.1. Pot-Pollen and Palynology from an Ecological Point of View 1.2. A Modern Synthesis of Bee-Pollen and Pot-Pollen Study
1.3. Plant Reproduction 1.4. Pollination
1.5. Pollen Biology and Palynology 1.6. Applied Pollen Taxonomy
2. Are Stingless Bees a Broadly Polylectic Group? An Empirical Study of the Adjustments Required for an Improved Assessment of Pollen Diet in Bees
2.1. Introduction 2.2. Pollen Specialization Categories in Bees
2.3. Pollen Analysis of Samples 2.4. Adjustment Calculations to Assess Pollen Specialization Categories in Stingless Bees
2.4.1. Modifying the Number of Foraged Resource Items: Threshold Values and Pollen Type Versus Pollen Species
2.4.2. Modifying the Number of Available Resources: Spatial and Temporal Adjustments 2.5. The Importance of an Appropriate Assessment of Pollen Specialization in Bees: Factors Causing Low Number of Foraged Items
2.5.1 Abundant Versus Minor Pollen Types
2.5.2 Recruitment Behaviour
2.5.3 Intra-nest Pollen Analysis
2.6. Factors Causing High Number of Available Items<
2.7. Polylecty, Broad Polylecty or Simply degrees of polylecty?<
3. Pollen collected by stingless bees: a contribution to understand Amazonian biodiversity
3.1. Introduction
3.1.1 Origin and Evolution of Plant-Bee Interactions
3.2. The Use of Pollen Analysis in the Study of Bees in the Amazon Rainforest 3.3. Diversity of Plants, Stingless Bees and their Interactions in Central Amazon
3.4. Amazonian Bee Diet, Biology and Suggested Interactions Potentially Leading to Pollination 3.5. How to Improve Meliponiculture for Sustainable Development in the Amazon
3.6. Conclusions
4. The Stingless Honey Bees (Apidae, Apinae: Meliponini) in Panama, and Ecology from Pollen Analysis 4.1. An Introduction to the Stingless Honey Bees and Pot-Pollen, in Panama 4.2. Pollen niche, relative specialization, and pollen spectrum
4.2.1 Qualitative and quantitative analyses
4.2.2 Field bee short-term resource selection
4.2.3 Pollen of popular meliponines , Africanized honeybees and lesser known species
4.2.4 Pollination ecology and population biology
4.2.5 Conclusions and ecological perspective
5. The value of plants for the Mayan stingless honey bee Melipona beecheii (Apidae: Meliponini): a pollen-based study in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
5.1. Understanding the Ecology of a Mayan Resource and Cultural Icon 5.2. Baseline Studies of Invasive Honeybees and Native Neotropical Bees 5.3. Fieldwork
5.4. Pollen Analysis from Pot-Pollen Samples
5.5. Understanding Bee Resource Use in Dynamic Natural Environments
6. Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees from East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
6.1. Introduction ^len Collection by Heterotrigona itama in Tropical Island of Taman Tropika Kenyir, Terengganu
6.3. Pollen Collection and Abundance among Colonies of Lepidotrigona terminata from a Meliponary in Besut, Terengganu 6.4. Selected Flowers Producing Pollen Preferred by Stingless Bees in Terengganu
6.5. Conclusions
7. The Contribution of Palynological Surveys to Stingless Bee Conservation: a Case Study with Melipona subnitida 7.1. Introduction
7.2. Floral Resources-Dynamics: Pot-Pollen versus Pollen from the Bees' Body
7.3. Melittopalynology as Tool for Restoration Strategies: Suitable Foraging Habitats 7.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Steps
8. Pollen Storage by Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides in a Protected Urban Atlantic Forest Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Getting Pollen Loads and Pollen Grains by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides 8.3. Palynological Characteristics of Pollen Batches Collected from the Baskets of M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.3.1 Monofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.2 Bifloral Pollen Loads
8.3.3 Heterofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.4 Additional Pollen Types
8.3.5 Additional Structured Elements 8.4. Plant Families, Genera and Species Mostly Visited by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.5. Conclusion
9. Angiosperm Resources for Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini): A Pot-Pollen Melittopalynological Study in the Gulf of Mexico
9.1. Introduction 9.2. Background of Melittopalynological Studies in Mexico 9.3. Methods and Study Areas
9.4. Floral Resources Foraged by Melipona beecheii in the State of Campeche
9.4.1 Angiosperm Resources for Melipona beecheii 9.4.2 Physicochemical Analyses of Melipona beecheii Pot-Honey
9.5. Meliponiculture and Melitopalynological Study of Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen in Veracruz
9.5.1 INANA¿s Sustainable Meliponiculture
9.5.2 Angiosperm Resources for Scaptotrigona mexicana, Plebeia sp. and Melipona beecheii in Veracruz
9.6. Analysis of the Plant Preferences of Stingless Bees in Campeche and Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico 9.7. Angiosperms Recorded in Systematic Mexican Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees
9.8. General Considerations
10. Annual Foraging Patterns of the Maya Bee Melipona beecheii (Bennett, 1831) in Quintana Roo, Mexico
10.1. Introduction
10.2. A case study
10.2.1 Field observations: registering bees activity
10.2.2. Foraging Activity to Collect Pollen and Nectar
10.2.3. Stored Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen Reserves
10.2.4. Offspring 10.3. Correlations Between the Studied Factors<
11. Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.1. Introduction
11.2. Characteristics of Stingless Bees as Pollinators
11.3. Field Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.4. Greenhouse Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees
11.5. Stingless Bee Management under Greenhouse Conditions
11.6. Perspectives
12. Stingless Bees as Potential Pollinators in Agroecosystems in Argentina: Inferences from Pot-Pollen Studies in Natural Environments
12.1. Introduction 12.2. Potential Pollination by Stingless Bees: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
12.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Reduced-Moderate Flight Range in Stingless Bees
12.2.2. Pollination Using Ground Nesting Stingless Bees 12.3. Pollen Spectra of Pot-Pollen in Colonies of Stingless Bees from Natural Environments
12.4. Crops Potentially Pollinated by Stingless Bees in Argentina 12.5. Spatial Variation of Crops in Argentina
12.6. Temporal Variation of Flower Availability in Agroecosystems 12.7. Crop and Non-Crop Flowerings Present in Agroecosystems Beneficial for the Maintenance of Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.1. Pollinating the Target Crop
12.7.2. Weeds and Edge Vegetation as Complementary Flowerings for Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.3. Diversified Agroecosystems as Best Habitat for Stingless Bee Pollination and Colony Management
12.8. Case Study: Pollination of Strawberries with Plebeia catamarcensis (Holmberg) in Santa Fe, Central Argentina
12.8.1. Strawberry Cultivation in Argentina
12.8.2 The Strawberry in Santa Fe
12.8.3 Meliponini: Potential Pollinators in Santa Fe Strawberry Crops
SECTION 2 Biodiversity, Behavior and Microorganisms of the Stingless Bees (Meliponini)
13. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Meliponini) from Gabon
13.1. Introduction 13.2. Taxonomy and Morphological Diversity of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.3. Distribution of Stingless Bee Fauna in Gabon
13.4. Biology, Ecology and Nesting Behavior of the Stingless Bees
13.5. Knowledge and Traditional Use of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.6. Conclusion
14. Pushing 100 Species: Meliponines (Apidae: Meliponini) in a Parcel of Western Amazonian Forest at Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador
14.1. Yasuní Forest and Melittological Background 14.2. Discovering Meliponine Biodiversity
14.3. Species Accounts and Frequency
14.4. Insights from Comparative Morphology and other Rich Amazonian Areas 14.5. Bioprospecting for Pollination Knowledge and Sustainable Exploitation
15. Diversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador, Pot-Pollen Standards and Meliponiculture Fostering a Living Museum for Meliponini of the World
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Megabiodiversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador 15.3. A Revised Ecuadorian Honey Norm and Approach to Pot-Pollen Standards 15.4. Stingless Bee Keepers are Crucial for the Heritage and Conservation Mission
15.5. A Stingless Bee Window to Look at Climate Warming 15.5. Why a Living Museum to Embrace Meliponini of the World?
16. Nesting Ecology of Stingless Bees in Africa 16.1. Introduction
16.2. Meliponine Origin, Dispersal and Richness
16.3. Stingless Bee Species in Africa
16.4. Stingless Bee Nest Architecture 16.5. African Stingless Bee Nesting Behavior
17. On the Trophic Niche of Bees in Cerrado Areas of Brazil and Yeasts in their Stored Pollen
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Pollen Harvested by Native Bees of the Cerrado
17.3. Yeasts in Stored Pollen: Diversity and Ecological Role
18. A Review of the Artificial Diets Used as Pot-Pollen Substitutes
18.1. Introduction 18.1.1 Aim of the Chapter 18.1.2 How do Stingless Bees Harvest and Store their Food?
18.2. The Fermentation Process in Stingless Bees Storage Pots
18.2.1 General Characteristics of Pollen Fermentation
18.2.2 Microbial fermentation and nutritional enhancement of pollen
18.2.3 Impacts of Exogenous Compounds in Pollen
18.3. Microorganisms Present in Pot-Pollen
18.3.1 Generalities of host-associated microorganisms
18.3.2 Bacteria
18.3.3 Yeasts
18.3.4 Filamentous Fungi 18.4. Development of Artificial Diets
19. Yeast and Bacterial Composition in Pot-Pollen Recovered from Meliponini in Colombia: Prospects for a Promising Biological Resource 19.1. Introduction 19.2. General Properties of Corbicular Bee-Derived Pollen 19.3. The Key...
Introduction
Acknowledgements
SECTION 1
Pollen and the Evolution of Mutualism
1. Pot-Pollen as a Discipline. What Does it Include? 1.1. Pot-Pollen and Palynology from an Ecological Point of View 1.2. A Modern Synthesis of Bee-Pollen and Pot-Pollen Study
1.3. Plant Reproduction 1.4. Pollination
1.5. Pollen Biology and Palynology 1.6. Applied Pollen Taxonomy
2. Are Stingless Bees a Broadly Polylectic Group? An Empirical Study of the Adjustments Required for an Improved Assessment of Pollen Diet in Bees
2.1. Introduction 2.2. Pollen Specialization Categories in Bees
2.3. Pollen Analysis of Samples 2.4. Adjustment Calculations to Assess Pollen Specialization Categories in Stingless Bees
2.4.1. Modifying the Number of Foraged Resource Items: Threshold Values and Pollen Type Versus Pollen Species
2.4.2. Modifying the Number of Available Resources: Spatial and Temporal Adjustments 2.5. The Importance of an Appropriate Assessment of Pollen Specialization in Bees: Factors Causing Low Number of Foraged Items
2.5.1 Abundant Versus Minor Pollen Types
2.5.2 Recruitment Behaviour
2.5.3 Intra-nest Pollen Analysis
2.6. Factors Causing High Number of Available Items<
2.7. Polylecty, Broad Polylecty or Simply degrees of polylecty?<
3. Pollen collected by stingless bees: a contribution to understand Amazonian biodiversity
3.1. Introduction
3.1.1 Origin and Evolution of Plant-Bee Interactions
3.2. The Use of Pollen Analysis in the Study of Bees in the Amazon Rainforest 3.3. Diversity of Plants, Stingless Bees and their Interactions in Central Amazon
3.4. Amazonian Bee Diet, Biology and Suggested Interactions Potentially Leading to Pollination 3.5. How to Improve Meliponiculture for Sustainable Development in the Amazon
3.6. Conclusions
4. The Stingless Honey Bees (Apidae, Apinae: Meliponini) in Panama, and Ecology from Pollen Analysis 4.1. An Introduction to the Stingless Honey Bees and Pot-Pollen, in Panama 4.2. Pollen niche, relative specialization, and pollen spectrum
4.2.1 Qualitative and quantitative analyses
4.2.2 Field bee short-term resource selection
4.2.3 Pollen of popular meliponines , Africanized honeybees and lesser known species
4.2.4 Pollination ecology and population biology
4.2.5 Conclusions and ecological perspective
5. The value of plants for the Mayan stingless honey bee Melipona beecheii (Apidae: Meliponini): a pollen-based study in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
5.1. Understanding the Ecology of a Mayan Resource and Cultural Icon 5.2. Baseline Studies of Invasive Honeybees and Native Neotropical Bees 5.3. Fieldwork
5.4. Pollen Analysis from Pot-Pollen Samples
5.5. Understanding Bee Resource Use in Dynamic Natural Environments
6. Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees from East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
6.1. Introduction ^len Collection by Heterotrigona itama in Tropical Island of Taman Tropika Kenyir, Terengganu
6.3. Pollen Collection and Abundance among Colonies of Lepidotrigona terminata from a Meliponary in Besut, Terengganu 6.4. Selected Flowers Producing Pollen Preferred by Stingless Bees in Terengganu
6.5. Conclusions
7. The Contribution of Palynological Surveys to Stingless Bee Conservation: a Case Study with Melipona subnitida 7.1. Introduction
7.2. Floral Resources-Dynamics: Pot-Pollen versus Pollen from the Bees' Body
7.3. Melittopalynology as Tool for Restoration Strategies: Suitable Foraging Habitats 7.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Steps
8. Pollen Storage by Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides in a Protected Urban Atlantic Forest Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Getting Pollen Loads and Pollen Grains by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides 8.3. Palynological Characteristics of Pollen Batches Collected from the Baskets of M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.3.1 Monofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.2 Bifloral Pollen Loads
8.3.3 Heterofloral Pollen Loads
8.3.4 Additional Pollen Types
8.3.5 Additional Structured Elements 8.4. Plant Families, Genera and Species Mostly Visited by M. quadrifasciata anthidioides
8.5. Conclusion
9. Angiosperm Resources for Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini): A Pot-Pollen Melittopalynological Study in the Gulf of Mexico
9.1. Introduction 9.2. Background of Melittopalynological Studies in Mexico 9.3. Methods and Study Areas
9.4. Floral Resources Foraged by Melipona beecheii in the State of Campeche
9.4.1 Angiosperm Resources for Melipona beecheii 9.4.2 Physicochemical Analyses of Melipona beecheii Pot-Honey
9.5. Meliponiculture and Melitopalynological Study of Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen in Veracruz
9.5.1 INANA¿s Sustainable Meliponiculture
9.5.2 Angiosperm Resources for Scaptotrigona mexicana, Plebeia sp. and Melipona beecheii in Veracruz
9.6. Analysis of the Plant Preferences of Stingless Bees in Campeche and Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico 9.7. Angiosperms Recorded in Systematic Mexican Melittopalynological Studies of Stingless Bees
9.8. General Considerations
10. Annual Foraging Patterns of the Maya Bee Melipona beecheii (Bennett, 1831) in Quintana Roo, Mexico
10.1. Introduction
10.2. A case study
10.2.1 Field observations: registering bees activity
10.2.2. Foraging Activity to Collect Pollen and Nectar
10.2.3. Stored Pot-Honey and Pot-Pollen Reserves
10.2.4. Offspring 10.3. Correlations Between the Studied Factors<
11. Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.1. Introduction
11.2. Characteristics of Stingless Bees as Pollinators
11.3. Field Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees 11.4. Greenhouse Crop Pollination by Stingless Bees
11.5. Stingless Bee Management under Greenhouse Conditions
11.6. Perspectives
12. Stingless Bees as Potential Pollinators in Agroecosystems in Argentina: Inferences from Pot-Pollen Studies in Natural Environments
12.1. Introduction 12.2. Potential Pollination by Stingless Bees: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
12.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Reduced-Moderate Flight Range in Stingless Bees
12.2.2. Pollination Using Ground Nesting Stingless Bees 12.3. Pollen Spectra of Pot-Pollen in Colonies of Stingless Bees from Natural Environments
12.4. Crops Potentially Pollinated by Stingless Bees in Argentina 12.5. Spatial Variation of Crops in Argentina
12.6. Temporal Variation of Flower Availability in Agroecosystems 12.7. Crop and Non-Crop Flowerings Present in Agroecosystems Beneficial for the Maintenance of Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.1. Pollinating the Target Crop
12.7.2. Weeds and Edge Vegetation as Complementary Flowerings for Permanent Stingless Bee Colonies
12.7.3. Diversified Agroecosystems as Best Habitat for Stingless Bee Pollination and Colony Management
12.8. Case Study: Pollination of Strawberries with Plebeia catamarcensis (Holmberg) in Santa Fe, Central Argentina
12.8.1. Strawberry Cultivation in Argentina
12.8.2 The Strawberry in Santa Fe
12.8.3 Meliponini: Potential Pollinators in Santa Fe Strawberry Crops
SECTION 2 Biodiversity, Behavior and Microorganisms of the Stingless Bees (Meliponini)
13. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Meliponini) from Gabon
13.1. Introduction 13.2. Taxonomy and Morphological Diversity of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.3. Distribution of Stingless Bee Fauna in Gabon
13.4. Biology, Ecology and Nesting Behavior of the Stingless Bees
13.5. Knowledge and Traditional Use of Stingless Bees in Gabon 13.6. Conclusion
14. Pushing 100 Species: Meliponines (Apidae: Meliponini) in a Parcel of Western Amazonian Forest at Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador
14.1. Yasuní Forest and Melittological Background 14.2. Discovering Meliponine Biodiversity
14.3. Species Accounts and Frequency
14.4. Insights from Comparative Morphology and other Rich Amazonian Areas 14.5. Bioprospecting for Pollination Knowledge and Sustainable Exploitation
15. Diversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador, Pot-Pollen Standards and Meliponiculture Fostering a Living Museum for Meliponini of the World
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Megabiodiversity of Stingless Bees in Ecuador 15.3. A Revised Ecuadorian Honey Norm and Approach to Pot-Pollen Standards 15.4. Stingless Bee Keepers are Crucial for the Heritage and Conservation Mission
15.5. A Stingless Bee Window to Look at Climate Warming 15.5. Why a Living Museum to Embrace Meliponini of the World?
16. Nesting Ecology of Stingless Bees in Africa 16.1. Introduction
16.2. Meliponine Origin, Dispersal and Richness
16.3. Stingless Bee Species in Africa
16.4. Stingless Bee Nest Architecture 16.5. African Stingless Bee Nesting Behavior
17. On the Trophic Niche of Bees in Cerrado Areas of Brazil and Yeasts in their Stored Pollen
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Pollen Harvested by Native Bees of the Cerrado
17.3. Yeasts in Stored Pollen: Diversity and Ecological Role
18. A Review of the Artificial Diets Used as Pot-Pollen Substitutes
18.1. Introduction 18.1.1 Aim of the Chapter 18.1.2 How do Stingless Bees Harvest and Store their Food?
18.2. The Fermentation Process in Stingless Bees Storage Pots
18.2.1 General Characteristics of Pollen Fermentation
18.2.2 Microbial fermentation and nutritional enhancement of pollen
18.2.3 Impacts of Exogenous Compounds in Pollen
18.3. Microorganisms Present in Pot-Pollen
18.3.1 Generalities of host-associated microorganisms
18.3.2 Bacteria
18.3.3 Yeasts
18.3.4 Filamentous Fungi 18.4. Development of Artificial Diets
19. Yeast and Bacterial Composition in Pot-Pollen Recovered from Meliponini in Colombia: Prospects for a Promising Biological Resource 19.1. Introduction 19.2. General Properties of Corbicular Bee-Derived Pollen 19.3. The Key...
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Ökologie |
| Genre: | Biologie, Mathematik, Medizin, Naturwissenschaften, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Inhalt: |
xxiv
481 S. 45 s/w Illustr. 87 farbige Illustr. 481 p. 132 illus. 87 illus. in color. |
| ISBN-13: | 9783030096670 |
| ISBN-10: | 303009667X |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Autor: |
Vit, Patricia
Pedro, Silvia R.M. Roubik, David W. |
| Redaktion: |
Vit, Patricia
Roubik, David W. Pedro, Silvia R. M. |
| Herausgeber: | Patricia Vit/Silvia R M Pedro/David W Roubik |
| Auflage: | Softcover reprint of the original 1st edition 2018 |
| Hersteller: |
Springer Nature Switzerland
Springer International Publishing |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, D-69121 Heidelberg, juergen.hartmann@springer.com |
| Maße: | 254 x 178 x 28 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Patricia Vit (u. a.) |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 15.01.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 0,945 kg |
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