DEDICATION

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS BOXES

INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS BOXES: AUTHORS

SECTION 1: OVERVIEW AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 What is plant breeding?

1.2 The goals of plant breeding

1.3 The concept of genetic manipulations of plant attributes

1.4 Why breed plants?

1.5 Overview of the basic steps in plant breeding

1.6 How have plant breeding objectives changed over the years

1.7 The art and science of plant breeding

1.8 Training of plant breeders

1.9 The plant breeding industry

1.10 Duration and cost of plant breeding programs

1.11 The future of plant breeding in society

1.12 The organization of the book

CHAPTER 2 HISTORY OF PLANT BREEDING

2.1 Origins of agriculture and plant breeding

2.2 The "Unknown Breeder"

2.3 Plant manipulation efforts by early civilizations

2.4 Early pioneers of the theories and practices of modern plant breeding

2.5 Later pioneers and trailblazers

2.6 History of plant breeding technologies/techniques

2.7 Genome-wide approaches to crop improvement

2.8 Bioinformatics and OMICs technologies in crop improvement

2.9 Summary of changes in plant breeding over the last half century

2.10 Achievement of modern plant breeders

SECTION 2 POULATION AND QUANTITAVTIVE GENETIC PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION TO CONCEPTS OF POPULATION GENETICS

3.1 Concepts of a population and gene pool

3.2 Issues arising from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

3.3 Factors affecting changes in gene frequency

3.4 Frequency dependent selection

3.5 Summary of key plant breeding applications

3.6 Modes of selection

3.7 Effect of mating system on selection

3.8 The concept of inbreeding

3.9 Inbreeding and its implications in plant breeding

3.10 Concept of population improvement

3.11 Types of open pollenated populations

CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE GENETICS

4.1 What is quantitative genetics?

4.2 What is a quantitative trait?

4.3 Qualitative genetics versus quantitative genetics

4.4 The environment and quantitative variation

4.5 Polygenes and polygenic inheritance

4.6 Decision-making in breeding based on biometrical genetics

4.7 Gene action

4.8 Gene action and plant breeding

4.9 Variance components of a quantitative trait

4.10 The concept of heritability

4.11 Response to selection in breeding

4.12 Concept of correlated response

4.13 Selection for multiple traits

4.14 Concept of intuitive index

4.15 The concept of general worth

4.16 Nature of breeding characteristics and their levels of expression

4.17 Early generation testing

4.18 Concept of combining ability

4.19 Mating designs

4.20 The genetic architecture of quantitative traits

4.21 The effect of QTL on phenotype

4.22 Molecular basis of quantitative variation

4.23 Systems genetics

4.24 Predicting breeding value

4.25 Genomic selection (genome wide selection)

4.26 Mapping quantitative traits

SECTION 3 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO REPRODUCTION

5.1 Importance of mode of reproduction to plant breeding

5.2 Overview of reproductive options in plants

5.3 Types of reproduction

5.4 Sexual reproduction

5.5 What is autogamy?

5.6 Self incompatibility

5.7 Male sterility

5.8 Dichogamy

5.9 Genetic and breeding implications of autogamy

5.10 Genotype conversion programs

5.11 What is allogamy?

5.12 Artificial pollination control techniques

5.13 Inbreeding depression

5.14 Mendelian concepts relating to the reproductive system

5.15 Complex inheritance

CHAPTER 6 HYBRIDIZATION

6.1 Concept of gene transfer and hybridization

6.2 Application of crossing in plant breeding

6.3 Artificial hybridization

6.4 Artificial pollination control techniques

6.5 Flower and flowering issues in hybridization

6.6 Emasculation

6.7 Pollination

6.8 Number of F1 crosses to make

6.9 Genetic issues in hybridization

6.10 Types of populations generated through hybridization

611 Wide crosses

6.12 Issue of reproductive isolation barriers

6.13 Overcoming challenges of reproductive barriers

6.14 Bridge crosses

CHAPTER 7 CLONAL PROPAGATION AND IN VITRO CULTURE

7.1 What is a clone?

7.2 Clones, inbred lines, and pure lines

7.3 Categories of clonally propagated species based on economic use

7.4 Categories of clonally propagated species for breeding purposes

7.5 Types of clonal propagation

7.6 Importance of clonal propagation in plant breeding

7.7 Breeding implications of clonal propagation

7.8 Genetic issues in clonal breeding

7.9 Breeding approaches used in clonal species

7.10 Natural propagation

7.11 In vitro culture

7.12 Micropropagation

7.13 Concept of totipotency

7.14 Somaclonal variation

7.15 Apomixis

7.16 Other tissue culture applications

7.17 Production of haploids

7.18 Doubled haploids

7.19 Germplasm preservation

SECTION 4 GERMPLASM FOR BREEDING

CHAPTER 8 VARIATION: TYPES, ORIGIN AND SCALE

8.1 Classifying plants

8.2 Rules of classification of plants

8.3 Operational classification systems

8.4 Types of variation among plants

8.5. Origins of genetic variability

8.6 Biotechnology for creating genetic variability

8.7 Scale of variability

CHAPTER 9 PLANT DOMESTICATION

9.1 The concept of evolution

9.2 What is domestication

9.3 Evolution versus domestication

9.4 Conscious selection versus unconscious selection

9.5 Patterns of plant domestication

9.6 Centers of plant domestication

9.7 Roll call of domesticated plants

9.8 Changes accompanying domestication

9.9 Genetic bottleneck

9.10 Tempo of domestication

9.11 Genetic architecture and domestication

9.12 Models of domestication

9.13 Modern breeding is a continuation of the domestication process

CHAPTER 10 PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES

10.1 Importance of germplasm to plant breeding

10.2 Centers of diversity in plant breeding

10.3 Sources of germplasm for plant breeding

10.4 Concept of genetic vulnerability

10.5 What plant breeders can do to address crop vulnerability

10.6 Wild (exotic) germplasm in plant breeding

10.7 Plant genetic resources conservation

10.8 Nature of cultivated plant genetic resources

10.9 Approaches to germplasm conservation

10.10 Germplasm collection

10.11 Types of plant germplasm collection

10.12 Managing plant genetic resources

10.13 Issue of redundancy and the concept of core subsets

10.14 Germplasm storage technologies

10.15 Using genetic resources

10.16 Plant exploration and introduction and their impact on agriculture

10.17 international conservation efforts

10.18 An example of a national germplasm conservation system

10.19 Who owns biodiversity?

10.20 Understanding the genetic architecture of germplasm for crop improvement

SECTION 5 BREEDING OBJECTIVES

CHAPTER 11 YIELD AND MORPHOLOGICA TRAITS

11.1 Physiological traits

11.2 What is yield?

11.3 Biological versus economic yield

11.4 The ideotype concept

11.5 Improving the efficiency of dry matter partitioning

11.6 Harvest index as a selection criterion for yield

11.7 Selecting for yield per se

11.8 Biological pathway to economic yield

11.9 The concept of yield potential

11.10 The concept of yield plateau

11.11 Yield stability

11.12 Lodging resistance

11.13 Shattering resistance

11.14 Reduced plant height

11.15 Breeding determinancy

11.16 Photoperiod response

11.17 Early maturity

CHAPTER 12 QUALITY TRAITS

12.1 Concept of quality

12.2 Nutritional quality of food crops

12.3 Brief history of breeding for improved nutritional quality of crops

12.4 Breeding for improved protein content

12.5 Improving protein content by genetic engineering

12.6 Breeding improved oil quality

12.7 Breeding low phytate cultivar

12.8 Breeding end use quality

12.9 Breeding seedlessness

12.10 Breeding for industrial uses

12.11 Breeding plants for novel traits

12.12 Breeding for enhanced bioavailability

CHAPTER 13 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FACTORS

13.1 Environmental stress factors in crop production

13.2 Climate change and plant breeding

13.3 Crop production environment and stress

13.4 Abiotic environment stress factors

13.5 Biotic environmental stress factors

13.6 Effects of combined stresses

13.7 Impact of environmental stress factors in crop production

CHAPTER 14 BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS

14.1 Selected definitions

14.2 Groups of pathogens and pests targeted by plant breeders

14.3 Biological and economic effects of plant pathogens

14.4 Overview of the methods for control of plant pathogens and pests

14.5 Concepts of resistance in breeding

14.6 Concepts of pathogen and host

14.7 Mechanisms of defense in plant against pathogens and pests

14.8 Types of genetic host resistance and their breeding approaches

14.9 Resistance breeding strategies

14.10 Challenges of breeding for...