Professor Judith L Buttriss, Director General, British Nutrition Foundation, UK.

Dr Ailsa A Welch, Reader in Nutritional Epidemiology, University of East Anglia, UK.

Dr John M Kearney, Lecturer, Epidemiology, Dublin Institute of Technology, Republic of Ireland.

Professor Susan A Lanham-New, Head of the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, UK.

Contributors viii

Series Foreword x

Preface xi

Introduction xiii

About the companion website xiv

Part One Public Health Nutrition Tools 1

1 Introduction to Public Health Nutrition 3
Martin Wiseman

2 Concepts and Definitions Used in Public Health Nutrition 9
Eric J Brunner and Ailsa A Welch

3 Assessment of Dietary Habits 18
Marga Ocke and Emma Foster

4 Assessment of Nutritional Status in Public Health Nutrition Settings 29
H David McCarthy

5 Food Composition 36
Mark Roe, Jenny Plumb, U Ruth Charrondierre and Paul Finglas

6 Dietary Reference Values 47
Peter J Aggett

7 Assessment of Physical Activity 56
Bjørge H Hansen and Ulf Ekelund

Part Two Current State of Evidence 69

8 Poor Dietary Patterns 71
Judith L Buttriss and Anne P Nugent

9 Minerals and Vitamins of Current Concern 88

Iron 88
Peter J Aggett

Iodine 96
Margaret P Rayman and Sarah C Bath

Vitamin A 102
Elizabeth J Johnson and Emily Mohn

10 Nutrition Pre-conception and during Pregnancy 111
Sara Stanner

11 Nutrition and Infant/Child Development 137
Alison M Lennox

12 Nutrition and Teenagers/Young Adults 159
Elisabeth Weichselbaum

13 Nutrition in Older Adults 175
Ashley T LaBrier, Clare A Corish, and Johanna T Dwyer

Part Three Diet and Disease 193

14 Obesity: Maternal 195
Debbie M Smith, Tracey A Mills, and Christine Furber

15 Obesity: Childhood 205
Laura Stewart, Jenny Gillespie, and Taryn Young

16 Cardiovascular Diseases: Sodium and Blood Pressure 214
Linda M Oude Griep and Paul Elliott

17 Carbohydrates and Metabolic Health 221
Judith L Buttriss

18 Cardiovascular Disease: Dietary Fat Quality 236
Tom Sanders

19 Diet and Cancer 243
Farah Naja and Lara Nasreddine

20 Bone Health 284
Louise R Wilson, Andrea L Darling, and Susan A Lanham-New

21 Dental Health 298
Anja Heilmann and Richard G Watt

22 Mental Health and Cognitive Function 310

Iron 310
Paul A Sharp

Caffeine 313
Peter J Rogers

B Vitamins 317
Helene McNulty

Physical Activity 320
Kenneth R Fox

Part Four Environmental Factors 325

23 Obesogenic Neighbourhood Food Environments 327
Amelia A Lake, Tim G Townshend, and Thomas Burgoine

24 The Wider Environment and its Effect on Dietary Behaviour 339
Bridget Benelam and Judith L Buttriss

Part Five Public Health Nutrition Strategies and Approaches 357

25 Global and National Public Health Nutrition Approaches 359
Francesco Branca and Cassandra H Ellis

26 Developing Strategies in the Community 373
Janet E Cade, Charlotte EL Evans, and Jayne Hutchinson

27 Dietary Change and Evidence on How to Achieve This 386
Janice L Thompson

28 Evaluation of Public Health Nutrition Interventions and Policies 398
Ailsa A Welch and Richard PG Hayhoe

29 Considerations for Evaluation of Public Health Nutrition Interventions in Diverse Communities 405
Basma Ellahi

Appendix 411

Index 417