The American Psychological Association is the leading scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, with researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students as its members.

List of Tables and Figures
Editorial Staff and Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction

1. Scholarly Writing and Publishing Principles
Types of Articles and Papers
Ethical, Legal, and Professional Standards in Publishing
Ensuring the Accuracy of Scientific Findings
Protecting the Rights and Welfare of Research Participants and Subjects
Protecting Intellectual Property Rights

2. Paper Elements and Format
Required Elements
Paper Elements
Format
Organization
Sample Papers

3. Journal Article Reporting Standards
Overview of Reporting Standards
Common Reporting Standards Across Research Designs
Reporting Standards for Quantitative Research
Reporting Standards for Qualitative Research
Reporting Standards for Mixed Methods Research

4. Writing Style and Grammar
Effective Scholarly Writing
Continuity and Flow
Conciseness and Clarity
Grammar and Usage
Verbs
Pronouns
Sentence Construction
Strategies to Improve Your Writing

5. Bias-Free Language Guidelines
General Guidelines for Reducing Bias
Reducing Bias by Topic

6. Mechanics of Style
Punctuation
Spelling
Capitalization
Italics
Abbreviations
Numbers
Statistical and Mathematical Copy
Presentation of Equations
Lists

7. Tables and Figures
General Guidelines for Tables and Figures
Tables
Sample Tables
Figures
Sample Figures

8. Works Credited in the Text
General Guidelines for Citation
Works Requiring Special Approaches to Citation
In-Text Citations
Paraphrases and Quotations

9. Reference List
Reference Categories
Principles of Reference List Entries
Reference Elements
Author
Date
Title
Source
Reference Variations
Reference List Format and Order

10. Reference Examples
Author Variations
Date Variations
Title Variations
Source Variations
Textual Works
Data Sets, Software, and Tests
Audiovisual Media
Online Media

11. Legal References
General Guidelines for Legal References
Legal Reference Examples

12. Publication Process
Preparing for Publication
Understanding the Editorial Publication Process
Manuscript Preparation
Copyright and Permission Guidelines
During and After Publication

Credits for Adapted Tables, Figures, and Papers
References
Index