Sharon M. Ravitch is a professor of practice at the University of Pennsylvania's Graduate School of Education. She engages in numerous applied research projects in India, serving as a visiting scholar at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) in Mumbai and working as a co-researcher and key resource expert in policy advocacy, professional development, and community-based participatory research related to corporate social responsibility through TISS's corporate social responsibility hub. She is involved in the design and implementation of assessment and evaluation of statewide performance through mixed-methods research in the Ministry of Human Resource Development's major policy initiative, Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), a countrywide reform initiative aimed to resurrect India's state public university system. Ravitch is also an expert adviser at the Center for Academic Leadership and Education Management at TISS. The center provides professional development and policy advocacy support to school education leaders across India. Ravitch works in the center's capacity-building program to collaboratively develop case studies and technology-innovation frameworks for the higher education and K-12 sectors using a participatory approach. She received the prestigious GIAN Scholar Award from the government of India for 2016-2017 and the RUSA Scholar Award for 2017-2018. Ravitch also received a Fulbright Fellowship to engage in research and applied development work in India from 2017 to 2019.

Ravitch has published five books: Applied Research for Sustainable Change: A Guide for Education Leaders (with Nicole Carl, 2019); Qualitative Research: Bridging the Conceptual, Theoretical, and Methodological (2nd ed., with Nicole Carl, 2020); Reason and Rigor: How Conceptual Frameworks Guide Research (2012; 2nd ed., with Matthew Riggan, 2016); School Counseling Principles: Diversity and Multiculturalism (2006); and Matters of Interpretation: Reciprocal Transformation in Therapeutic and Developmental Relationships With Youth (with Michael Nakkula, 1998).

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Sharon Would Like to Thank
Nicole Would Like to Thank
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Qualitative Research: An Opening Orientation
An Overview of the Processes of Qualitative Research
Defining and Situating Qualitative Research
Key Components of Qualitative Research
Horizontal Values in Qualitative Research: Criticality, Reflexivity, Collaboration, and Rigor
Approaches to Qualitative Research: An Overview
A Note on the Possibilities of Qualitative Research
Chapter 2: Conceptual Frameworks in Research
Conceptual Frameworks in Research
Developing a Conceptual Framework
Building Your Conceptual Framework
Chapter 3: Qualitative Research Design
Research Design in Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research Design Processes
Sampling: Site and Participant Selection
Writing in Research Design
Conclusion
Chapter 4: Reflexivity in Data Collection
Defining Qualitative Research as Iterative
Reflexivity in Data Collection
Reflexivity and Researcher-Generated Data Sources
Chapter 5: Methods of Data Collection
Interviews
Observational Fieldnotes
Focus Groups
Documents and Archival Data
Open-Ended Questionnaires
Participatory Methods of Data Collection
Revisiting Research Design
Chapter 6: Validity in Qualitative Research
Overview of Validity in Qualitative Research
Assessing Validity
Strategies for Achieving Qualitative Validity
Rigor and Validity in Qualitative Research
Chapter 7: Ethics and Relational Research
Relational Ethics: Taking a Relational Approach to Research
Deepening Research Ethics: Beyond IRB and Informed Consent
Beyond Negotiating Entrée and Building Rapport
Research Boundaries
Informed Consent, with an Emphasis on Informed
Transparency in Goals, Expectations, Processes, and Roles
Confidentiality and Anonymity
The Ethical Dimensions of the Researcher as Instrument
Pushing Against the Expert-Learner Binary
Ethical Collaboration: Dialectics of Mutual Influence
Balancing Design Flexibility and Rigor: Responsive Research as an Ethical Stance
Chapter 8: An Integrative Approach to Data Analysis
Defining and Critically Approaching Qualitative Data Analysis
Analysis and Interpretation
Overview of Qualitative Data Analysis Processes
An Integrative Approach to Qualitative Data Analysis
Chapter 9: Methods and Processes of Data Analysis
Data Organization and Managements
Immersive Engagement
Writing and Representation
Chapter 10: Writing and Representing Research: The Research Report
The Craft of Writing: Outlining, Drafting, and Revising
Writing a Final Report: Building On, Deepening, and Codifying Analysis
Critical Writing Considerations
Concluding Thoughts: The Ethics of Research Writing
Chapter 11: Qualitative Research Proposals
Qualitative Research Proposals
Writing Quality Research Proposals
Adapting Research Proposals
Epilogue
Revisiting the Horizontal Values in Qualitative Research
Closing Thoughts: The Power and Potential of Qualitative Research
Glossary
Appendixes
References
Index