Michel Biard is Professor of Modern History at the University of Rouen.
Marisa Linton is Professor Emerita in History, Kingston University.

Note on the Text

Acknowledgements

Foreword by Timothy Tackett

Introduction: The Demons of Terror

Chapter 1: The Terror - a Concept Imposed by the Thermidoreans

1. How the 'system of terror' and the black legend of Robespierre were retrospectively invented

2. Developing use of the word 'terror' between 1789 and 1794

3. 'Terror as the order of the day': an unsaid, unofficial yet widespread order from the Convention

Chapter 2: The Meaning of 'Terror' Before the Revolution

1. Terror and Enlightenment. A problematic connection

2. The concept of 'terror' in the Ancien Régime

3. The role of terror in political theory

Chapter 3: Terror in the Heart: The Weight of Fear and Emotions

1. The spectre of conspiracy and treason

2. The flow of emotions and fears

3. The impossible combination of virtue and terror

Chapter 4: The Revolution and its Opponents: Clashes and the Intensification of Repression

1. Legislation targeting refractory clergy and émigrés

2. 'The suspects': how the net of suspicion widened

3. Repression against 'federalism' and the emblematic case of the Lyon revolt

Chapter 5: Creating Revolutionary Law: A Time of Political Exception

1. From ordinary law to 'revolutionary' law

2. 'Revolutionary institutions and their role in repression

3. The recourse to extraordinary justice

Chapter 6: Terror in the Convention: Political conflict as an engine of 'terror'

1. The Convention and the clubs: from political strife to 'purging'

2. From arrests to political trials

3. Death as a means to eliminate opponents in the Convention

4. The elimination of factions, the apogee of 'terror' or the will to end it?

Chapter 7: Paris and the Vendée at the heart of the 'terror'

1. Paris, capital of the sans-culotte movement

2. Paris, epicentre of the 'terror'

3. The 'military Vendée', a zone of civil war

Chapter 8: Who Lived and Who Died? The Difficult Balance Sheets of Terror

1. Working out the death toll

2. Fraternal France and fratricidal France

Conclusion: How the Convention Reconstructed Itself After Thermidor

Chronology for the Years of the Convention

Maps

Some Further Reading

Notes

Index