Introduction Nancy November; Part I. Context and Genesis: 1. Beethoven and heroism in the age of revolutions Scott Burnham; 2. Beethoven's 'watershed'? Eroica's contexts and periodization Mark Ferraguto; 3. The symphony in Vienna and abroad around 1800 Erica Burrman; 4. Genesis and publication of the Eroica Federica Rovelli; Part II. Analytical Approaches: 5. Twentieth-century analytical approaches to the first movement William Drabkin; 6. Beethoven in the garden: the hero who practices resignation; or, the Eroica as 'late' work Vasili Byros; 7. Registering the Eroica Nicholas Marston; 8. After invention: traces and materials in the Eroica finale Elaine Sisman; Part III. Reception: 9. Who is the hero? The early reception of the Eroica Beate Angelika Kraus; 10. The Eroica in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Leon Botstein; 11. Performing, arranging and rearranging the Eroica: then and now Nancy November; 12. The Eroica endures: Beethoven's Third Symphony in the twenty-first century Melanie Lowe.