John Clifford Holt, ed.

List of Illustrations xiii

Acknowledgments xv

Introduction 1

I. From Ancient to Early Modern 9

II. The Colonial Encounter 133

Sri Lanka: National Identity and the Impact of Colonialism / K. M. da Silva 135

The Portuguese: An Introduction / Jorge Flores 152

The Dutch: An Introduction 189

The British: An Introduction 230

Kandyan Culture in the Colonial Era: An Introduction 295

Colonial Postscript: The Other Eden / Richard de Zoysa 328

III. Emerging Identities 331

Buddhist Identities: An Introduction 334

Muslim Identities: An Introduction 409

Tamil Identities: An Introduction 458

Christians and Burghers: An Introduction 559

Emergent Perspectives in Modern Art: the '43 Group-Formation of a Sri Lankan Avant-Garde / Larry D. Lutchmansingh 574

IV. Independence, Insurrections, and Social Change 589

V. Political Epilogue 713

Acknowledgment of Copyrights and Sources 735

Suggestions for Further Reading 745

Index 753