"The organization of thalamic afferents solves a computational constrain introduced by a peculiar feature of the vertebrate forebrain systems. In all vertebrate species, studied far (including basal branches like Cyclosotomata, the lamprey), (Suryanarayana et al., 2017, 2020) the top level information processor (i.e. the cortex, or pallium) has very little direct access to fast, accurate, excitatory (i.e. glutamatergic) inputs from subcortical (subpallial) structures beside thalamus. In other words cortex has minimal precisely timed information about the rest of the brain without a thalamic transfer. Since thalamus has virtually no local axon collaterals, its inputs and the integration of these inputs will define the message the cortex will work on. Thalamic inputs can be of cortical or subcortical origin (Sherman & Guillery, 2005). Subcortical inputs to the thalamus carry information about the outside world as well as the inner state of the animals (including motor, motivational, anxiety etc. states), as a consequence, this information is extremely diverse by nature (Jones, 2007a). This results in versatile representations and complex integration of subthalamic inputs at the level of thalamus. Large fraction of these subcortical inputs are involved in cortico-subcortico-cortical loops (e.g. basal ganglia, the cerebellar loop or the Papez circuit) closed via the thalamus through pathways utilizing various transmitters and terminal types (Guillery & Sherman, 2011). Thalamic activity requires a constant and immediate update from the target region of the thalamus, the cortex"--
"The organization of thalamic afferents solves a computational constrain introduced by a peculiar feature of the vertebrate forebrain systems. In all vertebrate species, studied far (including basal branches like Cyclosotomata, the lamprey), (Suryanarayana et al., 2017, 2020) the top level information processor (i.e. the cortex, or pallium) has very little direct access to fast, accurate, excitatory (i.e. glutamatergic) inputs from subcortical (subpallial) structures beside thalamus. In other words cortex has minimal precisely timed information about the rest of the brain without a thalamic transfer. Since thalamus has virtually no local axon collaterals, its inputs and the integration of these inputs will define the message the cortex will work on. Thalamic inputs can be of cortical or subcortical origin (Sherman & Guillery, 2005). Subcortical inputs to the thalamus carry information about the outside world as well as the inner state of the animals (including motor, motivational, anxiety etc. states), as a consequence, this information is extremely diverse by nature (Jones, 2007a). This results in versatile representations and complex integration of subthalamic inputs at the level of thalamus. Large fraction of these subcortical inputs are involved in cortico-subcortico-cortical loops (e.g. basal ganglia, the cerebellar loop or the Papez circuit) closed via the thalamus through pathways utilizing various transmitters and terminal types (Guillery & Sherman, 2011). Thalamic activity requires a constant and immediate update from the target region of the thalamus, the cortex"--
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface Michael M. Halassa; Part I. History: 1. A brief history of the thalamus Francisco Clasca; Part II. Anatomy: 2. Organization of thalamic inputs Laszlo Acsady; 3. Thalamic output pathways Francisco Clasca; 4. Thalamocortical circuitry matters Murray Sherman; Part III. Evolution: 5. Morphological, developmental and functional evolution of the thalamus Ann Butler; 6. Lamprey thalamus and beyond Shreyas Suryanarayanan, Brita Robertson, Sten Grillner; Part IV. Development: 7. Development of the thalamocortical systems Sara Bandiera, Zoltan Molnar; 8. Ontogeny of thalamic GABAergic neurons Alessio Delogu; Part V. Sensory processing: 9. Thalamocortical interactions in primary visual cortex Jose-Manuel Alonso, Massimo Scanziani; 10. Corticothalamic feedback in vision W. Marty Usrey; 11. The vibrissa sensorimotor system of rodents: A view from the sensory thalamus Martin Deschenes, David Kleinfeld; 12. Corticothalamic pathways in the somatosensory system Alexander Groh, Rebecca Mease; 13. Thalamocortical circuits for auditory processing, plasticity and perception Daniel Polley, Anne Takesian; Part VI. Motor Control: 14. Motor thalamic interactions with brainstem and basal ganglia Jesse Goldberg; 15. Thalamic-cerebellar interactions Freek Hoebeek, Henk-Jan Boele; Part VII. Cognition: 16. The thalamus in cognitive control Kai Hwang, Mark D'Esposito; 17. The thalamus in attention Sabine Kastner, Michael Arcaro; 18. The thalamus in navigation Adrien Peyrache; Part VIII. Arousal: 19. Thalamus and sleep Mattia Aime, Antoine R. Adamantidis; 20. Central thalamic contributions to arousal regulation Nicholas Schiff; Part IX. Computation: 21. A dynamical systems perspective on thalamic circuit function Qinlong Gu, John Murray; 22. Computational contributions of the thalamus to learning and memory Randall O'Reilly, Thomas Hazy.
