List of plates; Introduction Richard Wall and Jay Winter; Part I. Comparative Perspectives: 1. Some paradoxes of the First World War Jay Winter; 2. English and German families and the First World War 1914-18 Richard Wall; Part II. Conditions of Life and Standards of Living: 3. Behind the lines: working class family life in wartime Vienna Reinhard Sieder; 4. Standards of living and standards of health in wartime Belgium Peter Scholliers and Frank Daelemans; 5. Variations in patterns of consumption in Germany in the period of the First World War Armin Triebel; 6. Nutrition and living standards in wartime Britain Peter Dewey; 7. The impact of the First World War on British workers Alastair Reid; 8. The impact of the First World War on French workers Patrick Fridenson; Part III. Women and Work: 9. Women and work in France during the First World War Jean-Louis Robert; 10. Women's work in industry and family: Germany, 1914-18 Ute Daniel; 11. Women and work in wartime Britain Deborah Thom; Part IV. Social Policy and Family Ideology: 12. Pronatalism and the popular ideology of the child in wartime France: the evidence of the picture postcard Marie-Monique Huss; 13. Eugenics and pronatalism in wartime Britain Richard Soloway; 14. 'Pregnancy is the woman's active service': pronatalism in Germany during the First World War Cornelie Usborne; 15. The medical profession, social hygiene and the birth rate in Germany, 1914-18 Paul Weindling; 16. Männerbund versus the family: middle-class youth movements and the family in Germany in the period of the First World War Jürgen Reulecke; Bibliography; Index.