James D. Brierley, BSc, MB, FRCP, FRCR, FRCPCProfessor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and the University of Toronto, Canada
Dr Brierley trained in Clinical Oncology in the UK and developed his interest in cancer staging and surveillance when moving to Canada and has been involved in cancer surveillance, locally, nationally and internationally. He is Co-Chair of the UICC TNM Prognostic Factors Project. He has co-edited the TNM Supplement 4th edition (Wiley 2012) and the UICC Manual of Clinical Oncology (Wiley 2015). Mary K. Gospodarowicz MD, FRCPC, FRCR (Hon)Medical Director, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; Regional Vice-President of Cancer Care Ontario for Toronto South; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dr Gospodarowicz is the Past-President of UICC. She has a long-standing interest in cancer classification with an emphasis on staging and prognostic factors and she has been involved in the UICC TNM Project for many years. Her interests include the application of modern information and communication technologies in cancer control. Dr Gospodarowicz was coeditor of the 7th edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (Wiley 2009) and editor of the 2nd and 3rd editions of the UICC Prognostic Factors in Cancer (Wiley 2001, 2006). Christian Wittekind MDProfessor of Pathology, Chairman Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Germany
Dr Wittekind been involved in cancer staging and tumour classifications for over 20 years. He is a member of the UICC TNM Core Committee, Head of the German Speaking TNM-Komittee, and personally responds to all the questions to the UICC TNM helpdesk. He was the coeditor of the 5th , 6th and 7th edition of the TNM classification of Malignant Tumours (Wiley 1997, 2002, 2009) editor of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th edition of the TNM Supplement (Wiley 2001, 2003 and 2012) and editor of the 6th edition of the TNM Atlas (Wiley 2014).

Preface XII

Acknowledgments XIV

Organizations Associated with the TNM System XV

Members of UICC Committees Associated with the TNM System XVI

Section Editors XVII

Introduction 1 Head and Neck Tumours 17

Lip and Oral Cavity 18

Pharynx 22

Larynx 31

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses 36

Unknown Primary - Cervical Nodes 40

Malignant Melanoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract 45

Major Salivary Glands 47

Thyroid Gland 51

Digestive System Tumours 55

Oesophagus and Oesophagogastric Junction 57

Stomach 63

Small Intestine 67

Appendix 70

Colon and Rectum 73

Anal Canal and Perianal Skin 77

Liver 80

Intrahepatic Bile Ducts 83

Gallbladder 85

Perihilar Bile Ducts 87

Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct 89

Ampulla of Vater 91

Pancreas 93

Well¿Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract 96

Lung, Pleural, and Thymic Tumours 105

Lung 106

Pleural Mesothelioma 113

Thymic Tumours 115

Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues 119

Bone 120

Soft Tissues 124

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) 127

Skin Tumours 131

Carcinoma of Skin 133

Skin Carcinoma of the Head and Neck 136

Carcinoma of Skin of the Eyelid 139

Malignant Melanoma of Skin 142

Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Skin 147

Breast Tumours 151

Gynaecological Tumours 159

Vulva 161

Vagina 164

Cervix Uteri 166

Uterus - Endometrium 171

Uterine Sarcomas 175

Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma 179

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms 184

Urological Tumours 187

Penis 188

Prostate 191

Testis 195

Kidney 199

Renal Pelvis and Ureter 202

Urinary Bladder 204

Urethra 208

Adrenal Cortex 211

Ophthalmic Tumours 215

Carcinoma of Conjunctiva 216

Malignant Melanoma of Conjunctiva 218

Malignant Melanoma of Uvea 221

Retinoblastoma 226

Sarcoma of Orbit 230

Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland 232

Hodgkin Lymphoma 235

Non¿Hodgkin Lymphomas 239

Essential TNM 241

Paediatric Tumours 247

Gastrointestinal Tumours 247

Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours 248

Gynaecological Tumours 249

Urological Tumours 250

Ophthalmic Tumours 251

Malignant Lymphoma 252

Central Nervous System 252