Robert Cowley is the founding editor of MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, which was nominated for a National Magazine Award for General Excellence. Cowley has held several senior positions in book and magazine publishing.

What If? 2 - Edited by Robert Cowley List of Maps and Illustrations
Introduction by Robert Cowley
Socrates Dies at Delium, 424 B.C. - Victor Davis Hanson
The consequences of a single battle casualty
Not by a Nose - Josiah Ober
The triumph of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium, 31 B.C.
Pontius Pilate Spares Jesus - Carlos M. N. Eire
Christianity without the Crucifixion
Repulse at Hastings, October 14, 1066 - Cecelia Holland
William does not conquer England
The Chinese Discovery of the New World, 15th Century - Theodore F. Cook, Jr.
What the expeditions of a eunuch admiral might have led to
Martin Luther Burns at the Stake, 1521 - Geoffrey Parker
"O God, is Luther dead?"
If Charles I Had Not Left Whitehall, August 1641 - Theodore K. Rabb
As a starter, no English civil war
Napoleon's Invasion of North America - Thomas Fleming
Aedes aegypti takes a holiday, 1802
If Lincoln Had Not Freed the Slaves - Tom Wicker
The inevitable results of no Emancipation Proclamation
France Turns the Other Cheek, July 1870 - Alistair Horne
The needless war with Prussia
The Election of Theodore Roosevelt, 1912 - John Lukacs
Brokering an earlier end to World War I
The Great War Torpedoed - Robert L. O'Connell
The weapon that could have won the war for Germany in 1915
No Finland Station - George Feifer
A Russian Revolution without Lenin?
The Luck of Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Geoffrey C. Ward
Seven might-not-have-beens on the road to the presidency
The War of 1938 - Williamson Murray
Chamberlain fails to sway Hitler at Munich
Prime Minister Halifax - Andrew Roberts
Great Britain makes peace with Germany, 1940
The Boys Who Saved Australia, 1942 - James Bradley
Small events can have large results
Enigma Uncracked - David Kahn
The Allies fail to break the German cipher machine
Pius XII Protests the Holocaust - Robert Katz
VE Day - November 11, 1944 - Caleb Carr
The unleashing of Patton and Montgomery
The Führer in the Dock - Roger Spiller
A speculation on the banality of evil
No Bomb: No End - Richard B. Frank
The Operation Olympic disaster, Japan 1945
The Presidency of Henry Wallace - James Chace
If FDR had not dumped his vice president in 1944
A Tale of Three Congressmen, 1948 - Lance Morrow
America without Nixon, Johnson, and Kennedy
What If Pizarro Had Not Found Potatoes in Peru? - William H. McNeil
The humble roots of history