Introduction: approaching the ancient library Greg Woolf; Part I. Contexts: 1. Libraries in ancient Egypt Kim Ryholt; 2. Reading the libraries of Assyria and Babylonia Eleanor Robson; 3. Fragments of a history of ancient libraries Christian Jacob; Part II. Hellenistic and Roman Republican Libraries: 4. Men and books in fourth-century BC Athens Massimo Pinto; 5. From text to text: the impact of the Alexandrian Library on the work of Hellenistic poets Annette Harder; 6. Where was the Royal Library of Pergamon? An institution found and lost again Gaelle Coqueugniot; 7. Priests, patrons and playwrights: libraries in Rome before 168 BC Mike Affleck; 8. Libraries in a Greek working life: Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a case study in Rome Daniel Hogg; 9. Libraries and intellectual debate in the Late Republic: the case of the Aristotelian corpus Fabio Tutrone; 10. Ashes to ashes? The Library of Alexandria after 48 BC Myrto Hatzimichali; 11. The non-Philodemus book collection in the Villa of the Papyri George W. Houston; 12. 'Beware of promising your library to anyone': assembling a private library at Rome T. Keith Dix; Part III. Libraries of the Roman Empire: 13. Libraries for the Caesars Ewen Bowie; 14. Public libraries in the cities of the Roman Empire Matthew Nicholls; 15. Flavian libraries in Rome Pier Luigi Tucci; 16. Archives, books and sacred space in Rome Richard Neudecker; 17. Visual supplementation and metonymy in the Roman public library David Petrain; 18. Libraries and reading culture in the High Empire William A. Johnson; 19. Galen, Ptolemy III and the Athenians: libraries, perception and history Michael W. Handis; 20. Libraries and paideia in the Second Sophistic: Galen and Plutarch Alexei V. Zadorojnyi; 21. The professional and his books: special libraries in the Roman world Victor Martinez and Megan Finn Senseney.