Marnie Reed is Professor of Education and affiliated faculty in the Program in Applied Linguistics at Boston University, USA. She is also Director of the graduate program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) in the School of Education, where she teaches courses in linguistics, second language acquisition, and applied phonetics and phonology.

John M. Levis is Angela B. Pavitt Professor of English in the Applied Linguistics and TESL program at Iowa State University, USA. He specializes in the teaching of pronunciation and oral communication, phonetics and phonology, introductory linguistics, dialects in American literature, and technology and oral communication.

Notes on Contributors vii

Introduction xii

Part I The History of English Pronunciation 1

1 The Historical Evolution of English Pronunciation 3
Jeremy Smith

2 Accent as a Social Symbol 19
Lynda Mugglestone

3 History of ESL Pronunciation Teaching 36
John M. Murphy and Amanda A. Baker

Part II Describing English Pronunciation 67

4 Segmentals 69
David Deterding

5 Syllable Structure 85
Adam Brown

6 Lexical Stress in English Pronunciation 106
Anne Cutler

7 The Rhythmic Patterning of English(es): Implications for Pronunciation Teaching 125
Ee¿Ling Low

8 English Intonation - Form and Meaning 139
John M. Levis and Anne Wichmann

Part III Pronunciation and Discourse 157

9 Connected Speech 159
Ghinwa Alameen and John M. Levis

10 Functions of Intonation in Discourse 175
Anne Wichmann

11 Pronunciation and the Analysis of Discourse 190
Beatrice Szczepek Reed

12 Fluency 209
Ron I. Thomson

Part IV Pronunciation of the Major Varieties of English 227

13 North American English 229
Charles Boberg

14 British English 251
Clive Upton

15 Australian and New Zealand English 269
Laurie Bauer

16 The Pronunciation of English in South Africa 286
Ian Bekker and Bertus van Rooy

17 Indian English Pronunciation 301
Pramod Pandey

18 Pronunciation and World Englishes 320
Cecil L. Nelson and Seong¿Yoon Kang

Part V Pronunciation and Language Acquisition 331

19 Acquisition of the English Sound System 333
Marilyn May Vihman

20 Variables Affecting L2 Pronunciation Development 353
Pavel Trofimovich, Sara Kennedy and Jennifer Ann Foote

Part VI Pronunciation Teaching 375

21 Intelligibility in Research and Practice: Teaching Priorities 377
Murray J. Munro and Tracey M. Derwing

22 The Segmental/Suprasegmental Debate 397
Beth Zielinski

23 Applying Theories of Language and Learning to Teaching Pronunciation 413
Graeme Couper

24 The Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca 433
Robin Walker and Wafa Zoghbor

25 Intonation in Research and Practice: The Importance of Metacognition 454
Marnie Reed and Christina Michaud

26 Integrating Pronunciation into the Language Classroom 471
Laura Sicola and Isabelle Darcy

27 Using Orthography to Teach Pronunciation 488
Wayne B. Dickerson

28 Technology and Learning Pronunciation 505
Rebecca Hincks

Index 520