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Wine Production and Quality
Buch von Keith Grainger (u. a.)
Sprache: Englisch

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Beschreibung
Since the publication of Wine Production: Vine to Bottle (2005) and Wine Quality: Tasting and Selection (2009), there has been a great deal of change in the wine industry, and the perceptions of critics and expectations of consumers have shifted. Wine Production and Quality, Second Edition brings together its two predecessors in one updated and considerably expanded volume.

This comprehensive guide explores the techniques of wine production in the vineyard and winery, and considers their impact upon the taste, style and quality of wine in the bottle. Part 1 of the book provides a structured yet easily readable understanding of wine production, from vine to bottle. The impact of natural factors, including climate and soil, is considered, together with the decisions made and work undertaken in the vineyard and winery. Part 2 looks at quality in wines: the concepts and techniques of tasting are detailed, along with the challenges in recognising and assessing quality. Also discussed are the steps producers may take, and the limitations they may face, in creating quality wines.

The book will prove valuable to beverage industry professionals, wine trade students, wine merchants, sommeliers, restaurateurs , and wine lovers as well as those entering (or thinking of entering) the highly competitive world of wine production.
Since the publication of Wine Production: Vine to Bottle (2005) and Wine Quality: Tasting and Selection (2009), there has been a great deal of change in the wine industry, and the perceptions of critics and expectations of consumers have shifted. Wine Production and Quality, Second Edition brings together its two predecessors in one updated and considerably expanded volume.

This comprehensive guide explores the techniques of wine production in the vineyard and winery, and considers their impact upon the taste, style and quality of wine in the bottle. Part 1 of the book provides a structured yet easily readable understanding of wine production, from vine to bottle. The impact of natural factors, including climate and soil, is considered, together with the decisions made and work undertaken in the vineyard and winery. Part 2 looks at quality in wines: the concepts and techniques of tasting are detailed, along with the challenges in recognising and assessing quality. Also discussed are the steps producers may take, and the limitations they may face, in creating quality wines.

The book will prove valuable to beverage industry professionals, wine trade students, wine merchants, sommeliers, restaurateurs , and wine lovers as well as those entering (or thinking of entering) the highly competitive world of wine production.
Über den Autor

Keith Grainger is a wine tutor and presenter. He was one of the founder members of the Association of Wine Educators. He is author of Grapewine - the first structured distance learning wine course. His previous books for Wiley are 'Wine Production - Vine to Bottle' and 'Wine Quality - Tasting and Selection, which won the Gourmand Award for Best Wine Education Book in the World.

Hazel Tattersall runs wine courses, day schools and tutored tastings for professional and consumer groups. With a background in food and beverage education, and as an accredited WSET (Wine & Spirit Education Trust) tutor, she offers tailor-made training for hotel and restaurant staff at all levels.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface, xv

Preface, xv

Acknowledgements, xvii

Part 1¿Introduction to Part 1 - Wine Production, 1

Chapter 1¿Viticulture - the basics, 5

1.1 The grape vine, 5

1.2 Grape varieties, 6

1.3 The structure of the grape berry, 7

1.3.1 Stalks, 7

1.3.2 Skins, 8

1.3.3 Yeasts, 9

1.3.4 Pulp, 9

1.3.5 Pips, 10

1.4 Crossings, hybrids, clonal and massal selection, 10

1.4.1 Crossings, 10

1.4.2 Hybrids, 11

1.4.3 Clones and massal selection, 11

1.5 Grafting, 11

1.6 Phylloxera vastatrix, 12

1.7 Rootstocks, 13

1.8 The life of the vine, 15

Chapter 2¿Climate, 16

2.1 World climate classifications, 16

2.2 Climatic requirements of the grape vine, 17

2.2.1 Sunshine, 17

2.2.2 Warmth, 17

2.2.3 Cold winter, 17

2.2.4 Rainfall, 18

2.3 Climatic enemies of the grape vine, 18

2.3.1 Frost, 18

2.3.2 Hail, 19

2.3.3 Strong winds, 20

2.3.4 Excessive heat, 21

2.3.5 Drought, 21

2.4 Mesoclimate and microclimate, 22

2.4.1 Water, 22

2.4.2 Altitude, 22

2.4.3 Aspect, 22

2.4.4 Woods and trees, 23

2.5 The concept of degree days, 23

2.6 Impact of climate, 24

2.7 Weather, 25

2.8 Climate Change, 25

Chapter 3¿Soil, 28

3.1 Soil requirements of the grape vine, 28

3.1. Good drainage, 31

3.1.2 Fertility, 31

3.1.3 Nutrients and minerals, 31

3.2 Influence of soils upon wine style and quality, 31

3.3 Soil types suitable for viticulture, 32

3.3.1 Limestone, 32

3.3.2 Chalk, 32

3.3.3 Clay, 32

3.3.4 Marl, 32

3.3.5 Granite, 33

3.3.6 Gravel, 33

3.3.7 Greywacke, 33

3.3.8 Sand, 33

3.3.9 Schist, 33

3.3.10 Slate, 33

3.3.11 Basalt and other volcanic soils, 34

3.4 Soil compatibility, 34

3.5 Terroir, 35

Chapter 4¿The vineyard, 36

4.1 Vineyard location and site selection, 36

4.2 Density of planting of vines, 37

4.3 Training systems, 38

4.3.1 Main types of vine training, 38

4.3.2 Other training systems, 42

4.4 Pruning methods and canopy management, 42

4.4.1 Pruning methods, 45

4.4.2 Canopy management, 45

4.5 Irrigation, 45

4.6 The vineyard cycle and work in the vineyard, 47

4.6.1 Winter, 47

4.6.2 Spring, 48

4.6.3 Summer, 48

4.6.4 Autumn, 49

4.7 Grape?]berry development, 50

Chapter 5¿Pests and diseases, 51

5.1Important vineyard pests, 51

5.1.1Insects, mites and worms, 52

5.1.2Animals and birds, 53

5.2 Diseases, 54

5.2.1 Fungal diseases, 54

5.2.2 Bacterial diseases, 56

5.2.3 Virus diseases, 57

5.3 Prevention and treatments, 58

Chapter 6¿Environmentally sensitive vineyard practices, 59

6.1 Conventional viticulture, 59

6.2 IPM, 60

6.3 Organic viticulture, 61

6.4 Biodynamic viticulture, 63

6.4.1 Rudolf Steiner, 65

6.4.2 Biodynamic preparations, 65

6.4.3 Certification, 67

6.5 Natural wine, 68

Chapter 7¿The harvest, 69

7.1 Grape ripeness and the timing of picking, 69

7.2 Harvesting methods, 70

7.2.1 Hand picking, 70

7.2.2 Machine picking, 72

7.3 Style and quality, 74

Chapter 8¿Vinification and winery design, 75

8.1 Basic principles of vinification, 75

8.2 Winery location and design, 76

8.3 Winery equipment, 78

8.3.1 Fermentation vats, 78

Chapter 9¿Red winemaking, 82

9.1 Sorting, destemming and crushing, 82

9.2 Must analysis, 83

9.3 Must preparation, 84

9.3.1 Sulfur dioxide (SO2), 84

9.3.2 Must enrichment (chaptalisation), 84

9.3.3 Acidification, 85

9.3.4 De?]acidification, 85

9.3.5 Yeast, 85

9.3.6 Yeast nutrients, 85

9.3.7 Tannin, 86

9.4 Fermentation, temperature control and extraction, 86

9.4.1 Fermentation, 86

9.4.2 Temperature control, 86

9.4.3 Extraction, 87

9.4.4 Fermentation monitoring, 88

9.5 Maceration, 89

9.6 Racking, 89

9.7 Pressing, 89

9.8 Malolactic fermentation, 90

9.9 Blending, 90

9.10 Maturation, 90

Chapter 10¿Dry white winemaking, 92

10.1 Crushing and pressing, 92

10.1.1 Crushing, 92

10.1.2 Pressing, 93

10.2 Must preparation, 93

10.3 Fermentation, 93

10.4 MLF, 94

10.5 Lees ageing, 94

10.6 Maturation, 95

Chapter 11¿Red and white winemaking - detailed processes, 96

11.1 Must concentration, 96

11.1.1 Must concentrators and reverse osmosis, 96

11.1.2 Cryoextraction, 98

11.2 Methods of extraction, 98

11.2.1 Cold soaking (pre?]fermentation maceration), 98

11.2.2 Pump overs - remontage, 98

11.2.3 Rack and return (délestage), 99

11.2.4 Punching down - pigeage, 100

11.2.5 Rotary vinifiers, 100

11.2.6 Thermo?]vinification - heat extraction, 100

11.2.7 Flash détente, 100

11.2.8 Whole grape fermentation, carbonic and semi?]carbonic maceration, 101

11.2.9 Fixing colour, 101

11.2.10¿Post?]fermentation maceration, 101

11.3 Macro?], micro?] and hyper?]oxygenation, 101

11.3.1 Hyper?]oxygenation, 102

11.3.2 Macro?]oxygenation, 102

11.3.3 Micro?]oxygenation, 103

11.4 Removal of excess alcohol, 103

11.5 The choice of natural or cultured yeasts, 103

11.6 De?]stemming, 104

11.7 Fermenting high?]density musts to dryness, 105

11.8 Wine presses and pressing, 105

11.8.1 Continuous press, 105

11.8.2 Batch press, 106

11.8.3 Horizontal plate press, 106

11.8.4 Horizontal pneumatic press, 106

11.8.5 Vertical basket press, 107

11.9 Technology and the return to tradition, 109

Chapter 12¿Barrel maturation and oak treatments, 110

12.1 History of barrel usage, 110

12.2 Oak and oaking, 111

12.3 The influence of the barrel, 111

12.3.1 Size of the barrel, 112

12.3.2 Type and origin of oak (or other wood), 112

12.3.3 Manufacturing techniques including toasting, 113

12.3.4 Stave thickness, 113

12.3.5 Amount of time spent in barrel, 113

12.3.6 Where barrels are stored, 114

12.4 Oak treatments, 115

Chapter 13¿Preparing wine for bottling, 116

13.1 Fining, 116

13.2 Filtration, 117

13.2.1 Traditional methods in common use, 117

13.2.2 Sheet filtration (sometimes called plate filtration), 119

13.2.3 Membrane filtration and other methods of achieving biological stability, 120

13.3 Stabilisation, 121

13.4 Adjustment of sulfur dioxide levels, 123

13.5 Choice of bottle closures, 123

Chapter 14¿Making other types of still wine, 126

14.1 Medium?]sweet and sweet wines, 126

14.1.1 Medium?]sweet wines, 127

14.1.2 Sweet wines, 127

14.2 Rosé wines, 130

14.2.1 Blending, 130

14.2.2 Skin contact, 130

14.2.3 Saignée, 131

14.3 Fortified (liqueur) wines, 131

14.3.1 Sherry production, 131

14.3.2 Port production, 133

14.3.3 Other well?]known fortified wines, 134

Chapter 15¿Sparkling wines, 136

15.1 Fermentation in a sealed tank, 136

15.2 Second fermentation in bottle, 137

15.3 Traditional method, 138

15.3.1 Pressing, 138

15.3.2 Débourbage, 138

15.3.3 First fermentation, 138

15.3.4 Assemblage, 139

15.3.5 Addition of liqueur de tirage, 139

15.3.6 Second fermentation, 139

15.3.7 Maturation, 139

15.3.8 Rémuage, 140

15.3.9 Stacking sur pointes, 141

15.3.10 Dégorgement, 141

15.3.11 Dosage (liqueur d'expedition), 142

15.3.12 Corking and finishing, 142

15.4 Styles, 142

Part 2¿Introduction to part 2 - wine quality, 143

Chapter 16¿wine Tasting, 147

16.1 Wine tasting and laboratory analysis, 148

16.2 What makes a good wine taster?, 149

16.3 Where and when to taste - suitable conditions, 150

16.4 Appropriate equipment, 151

16.4.1 Tasting glasses, 151

16.4.2 Water, 155

16.4.3 Spittoons, 155

16.4.4 Tasting sheets, 156

16.4.5 Use of tasting software, 156

16.4.6 Tasting mats, 157

16.5 Tasting order, 158

16.6 Temperature of wines for tasting, 159

16.7 Tasting for specific purposes, 159

16.8 Structured tasting technique, 160

16.8.1 Appearance, 160

16.8.2 Nose, 161

16.8.3 Palate, 161

16.8.4 Conclusions, 162

16.9 The importance of keeping notes, 163

Chapter 17¿Appearance, 164

17.1 Clarity and brightness, 164

17.2 Intensity, 165

17.3 Colour, 167

17.3.1 White wines, 167

17.3.2 Rosé wines, 167

17.3.3 Red wines, 168

17.3.4 Rim/core, 170

17.4 Other observations, 171

17.4.1 Bubbles, 171

17.4.2 Legs, 172

17.4.3 Deposits, 173

Chapter 18¿Nose, 175

18.1 Condition, 176

18.2 Intensity, 176

18.3 Development, 176

18.3.1 Primary aromas, 177

18.3.2 Secondary aromas, 177

18.3.3 Tertiary aromas, 177

18.4 Aroma characteristics, 178

Chapter 19¿Palate, 181

19.1 Sweetness/bitterness/acidity/saltiness/umami, 182

19.2 Dryness/sweetness, 182

19.3 Acidity, 184

19.4 Tannin, 184

19.5 Alcohol, 186

19.6 Body, 187

19.7 Flavour intensity, 187

19.8 Flavour characteristics, 188

19.9 Other observations,...

Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2016
Genre: Umwelt
Produktart: Nachschlagewerke
Rubrik: Ökologie
Medium: Buch
Inhalt: 326 S.
ISBN-13: 9781118934555
ISBN-10: 1118934555
Sprache: Englisch
Einband: Gebunden
Autor: Grainger, Keith
Tattersall, Hazel
Auflage: 2nd edition
Hersteller: Wiley
John Wiley & Sons
Maße: 235 x 157 x 22 mm
Von/Mit: Keith Grainger (u. a.)
Erscheinungsdatum: 07.03.2016
Gewicht: 0,626 kg
Artikel-ID: 104248577
Über den Autor

Keith Grainger is a wine tutor and presenter. He was one of the founder members of the Association of Wine Educators. He is author of Grapewine - the first structured distance learning wine course. His previous books for Wiley are 'Wine Production - Vine to Bottle' and 'Wine Quality - Tasting and Selection, which won the Gourmand Award for Best Wine Education Book in the World.

Hazel Tattersall runs wine courses, day schools and tutored tastings for professional and consumer groups. With a background in food and beverage education, and as an accredited WSET (Wine & Spirit Education Trust) tutor, she offers tailor-made training for hotel and restaurant staff at all levels.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface, xv

Preface, xv

Acknowledgements, xvii

Part 1¿Introduction to Part 1 - Wine Production, 1

Chapter 1¿Viticulture - the basics, 5

1.1 The grape vine, 5

1.2 Grape varieties, 6

1.3 The structure of the grape berry, 7

1.3.1 Stalks, 7

1.3.2 Skins, 8

1.3.3 Yeasts, 9

1.3.4 Pulp, 9

1.3.5 Pips, 10

1.4 Crossings, hybrids, clonal and massal selection, 10

1.4.1 Crossings, 10

1.4.2 Hybrids, 11

1.4.3 Clones and massal selection, 11

1.5 Grafting, 11

1.6 Phylloxera vastatrix, 12

1.7 Rootstocks, 13

1.8 The life of the vine, 15

Chapter 2¿Climate, 16

2.1 World climate classifications, 16

2.2 Climatic requirements of the grape vine, 17

2.2.1 Sunshine, 17

2.2.2 Warmth, 17

2.2.3 Cold winter, 17

2.2.4 Rainfall, 18

2.3 Climatic enemies of the grape vine, 18

2.3.1 Frost, 18

2.3.2 Hail, 19

2.3.3 Strong winds, 20

2.3.4 Excessive heat, 21

2.3.5 Drought, 21

2.4 Mesoclimate and microclimate, 22

2.4.1 Water, 22

2.4.2 Altitude, 22

2.4.3 Aspect, 22

2.4.4 Woods and trees, 23

2.5 The concept of degree days, 23

2.6 Impact of climate, 24

2.7 Weather, 25

2.8 Climate Change, 25

Chapter 3¿Soil, 28

3.1 Soil requirements of the grape vine, 28

3.1. Good drainage, 31

3.1.2 Fertility, 31

3.1.3 Nutrients and minerals, 31

3.2 Influence of soils upon wine style and quality, 31

3.3 Soil types suitable for viticulture, 32

3.3.1 Limestone, 32

3.3.2 Chalk, 32

3.3.3 Clay, 32

3.3.4 Marl, 32

3.3.5 Granite, 33

3.3.6 Gravel, 33

3.3.7 Greywacke, 33

3.3.8 Sand, 33

3.3.9 Schist, 33

3.3.10 Slate, 33

3.3.11 Basalt and other volcanic soils, 34

3.4 Soil compatibility, 34

3.5 Terroir, 35

Chapter 4¿The vineyard, 36

4.1 Vineyard location and site selection, 36

4.2 Density of planting of vines, 37

4.3 Training systems, 38

4.3.1 Main types of vine training, 38

4.3.2 Other training systems, 42

4.4 Pruning methods and canopy management, 42

4.4.1 Pruning methods, 45

4.4.2 Canopy management, 45

4.5 Irrigation, 45

4.6 The vineyard cycle and work in the vineyard, 47

4.6.1 Winter, 47

4.6.2 Spring, 48

4.6.3 Summer, 48

4.6.4 Autumn, 49

4.7 Grape?]berry development, 50

Chapter 5¿Pests and diseases, 51

5.1Important vineyard pests, 51

5.1.1Insects, mites and worms, 52

5.1.2Animals and birds, 53

5.2 Diseases, 54

5.2.1 Fungal diseases, 54

5.2.2 Bacterial diseases, 56

5.2.3 Virus diseases, 57

5.3 Prevention and treatments, 58

Chapter 6¿Environmentally sensitive vineyard practices, 59

6.1 Conventional viticulture, 59

6.2 IPM, 60

6.3 Organic viticulture, 61

6.4 Biodynamic viticulture, 63

6.4.1 Rudolf Steiner, 65

6.4.2 Biodynamic preparations, 65

6.4.3 Certification, 67

6.5 Natural wine, 68

Chapter 7¿The harvest, 69

7.1 Grape ripeness and the timing of picking, 69

7.2 Harvesting methods, 70

7.2.1 Hand picking, 70

7.2.2 Machine picking, 72

7.3 Style and quality, 74

Chapter 8¿Vinification and winery design, 75

8.1 Basic principles of vinification, 75

8.2 Winery location and design, 76

8.3 Winery equipment, 78

8.3.1 Fermentation vats, 78

Chapter 9¿Red winemaking, 82

9.1 Sorting, destemming and crushing, 82

9.2 Must analysis, 83

9.3 Must preparation, 84

9.3.1 Sulfur dioxide (SO2), 84

9.3.2 Must enrichment (chaptalisation), 84

9.3.3 Acidification, 85

9.3.4 De?]acidification, 85

9.3.5 Yeast, 85

9.3.6 Yeast nutrients, 85

9.3.7 Tannin, 86

9.4 Fermentation, temperature control and extraction, 86

9.4.1 Fermentation, 86

9.4.2 Temperature control, 86

9.4.3 Extraction, 87

9.4.4 Fermentation monitoring, 88

9.5 Maceration, 89

9.6 Racking, 89

9.7 Pressing, 89

9.8 Malolactic fermentation, 90

9.9 Blending, 90

9.10 Maturation, 90

Chapter 10¿Dry white winemaking, 92

10.1 Crushing and pressing, 92

10.1.1 Crushing, 92

10.1.2 Pressing, 93

10.2 Must preparation, 93

10.3 Fermentation, 93

10.4 MLF, 94

10.5 Lees ageing, 94

10.6 Maturation, 95

Chapter 11¿Red and white winemaking - detailed processes, 96

11.1 Must concentration, 96

11.1.1 Must concentrators and reverse osmosis, 96

11.1.2 Cryoextraction, 98

11.2 Methods of extraction, 98

11.2.1 Cold soaking (pre?]fermentation maceration), 98

11.2.2 Pump overs - remontage, 98

11.2.3 Rack and return (délestage), 99

11.2.4 Punching down - pigeage, 100

11.2.5 Rotary vinifiers, 100

11.2.6 Thermo?]vinification - heat extraction, 100

11.2.7 Flash détente, 100

11.2.8 Whole grape fermentation, carbonic and semi?]carbonic maceration, 101

11.2.9 Fixing colour, 101

11.2.10¿Post?]fermentation maceration, 101

11.3 Macro?], micro?] and hyper?]oxygenation, 101

11.3.1 Hyper?]oxygenation, 102

11.3.2 Macro?]oxygenation, 102

11.3.3 Micro?]oxygenation, 103

11.4 Removal of excess alcohol, 103

11.5 The choice of natural or cultured yeasts, 103

11.6 De?]stemming, 104

11.7 Fermenting high?]density musts to dryness, 105

11.8 Wine presses and pressing, 105

11.8.1 Continuous press, 105

11.8.2 Batch press, 106

11.8.3 Horizontal plate press, 106

11.8.4 Horizontal pneumatic press, 106

11.8.5 Vertical basket press, 107

11.9 Technology and the return to tradition, 109

Chapter 12¿Barrel maturation and oak treatments, 110

12.1 History of barrel usage, 110

12.2 Oak and oaking, 111

12.3 The influence of the barrel, 111

12.3.1 Size of the barrel, 112

12.3.2 Type and origin of oak (or other wood), 112

12.3.3 Manufacturing techniques including toasting, 113

12.3.4 Stave thickness, 113

12.3.5 Amount of time spent in barrel, 113

12.3.6 Where barrels are stored, 114

12.4 Oak treatments, 115

Chapter 13¿Preparing wine for bottling, 116

13.1 Fining, 116

13.2 Filtration, 117

13.2.1 Traditional methods in common use, 117

13.2.2 Sheet filtration (sometimes called plate filtration), 119

13.2.3 Membrane filtration and other methods of achieving biological stability, 120

13.3 Stabilisation, 121

13.4 Adjustment of sulfur dioxide levels, 123

13.5 Choice of bottle closures, 123

Chapter 14¿Making other types of still wine, 126

14.1 Medium?]sweet and sweet wines, 126

14.1.1 Medium?]sweet wines, 127

14.1.2 Sweet wines, 127

14.2 Rosé wines, 130

14.2.1 Blending, 130

14.2.2 Skin contact, 130

14.2.3 Saignée, 131

14.3 Fortified (liqueur) wines, 131

14.3.1 Sherry production, 131

14.3.2 Port production, 133

14.3.3 Other well?]known fortified wines, 134

Chapter 15¿Sparkling wines, 136

15.1 Fermentation in a sealed tank, 136

15.2 Second fermentation in bottle, 137

15.3 Traditional method, 138

15.3.1 Pressing, 138

15.3.2 Débourbage, 138

15.3.3 First fermentation, 138

15.3.4 Assemblage, 139

15.3.5 Addition of liqueur de tirage, 139

15.3.6 Second fermentation, 139

15.3.7 Maturation, 139

15.3.8 Rémuage, 140

15.3.9 Stacking sur pointes, 141

15.3.10 Dégorgement, 141

15.3.11 Dosage (liqueur d'expedition), 142

15.3.12 Corking and finishing, 142

15.4 Styles, 142

Part 2¿Introduction to part 2 - wine quality, 143

Chapter 16¿wine Tasting, 147

16.1 Wine tasting and laboratory analysis, 148

16.2 What makes a good wine taster?, 149

16.3 Where and when to taste - suitable conditions, 150

16.4 Appropriate equipment, 151

16.4.1 Tasting glasses, 151

16.4.2 Water, 155

16.4.3 Spittoons, 155

16.4.4 Tasting sheets, 156

16.4.5 Use of tasting software, 156

16.4.6 Tasting mats, 157

16.5 Tasting order, 158

16.6 Temperature of wines for tasting, 159

16.7 Tasting for specific purposes, 159

16.8 Structured tasting technique, 160

16.8.1 Appearance, 160

16.8.2 Nose, 161

16.8.3 Palate, 161

16.8.4 Conclusions, 162

16.9 The importance of keeping notes, 163

Chapter 17¿Appearance, 164

17.1 Clarity and brightness, 164

17.2 Intensity, 165

17.3 Colour, 167

17.3.1 White wines, 167

17.3.2 Rosé wines, 167

17.3.3 Red wines, 168

17.3.4 Rim/core, 170

17.4 Other observations, 171

17.4.1 Bubbles, 171

17.4.2 Legs, 172

17.4.3 Deposits, 173

Chapter 18¿Nose, 175

18.1 Condition, 176

18.2 Intensity, 176

18.3 Development, 176

18.3.1 Primary aromas, 177

18.3.2 Secondary aromas, 177

18.3.3 Tertiary aromas, 177

18.4 Aroma characteristics, 178

Chapter 19¿Palate, 181

19.1 Sweetness/bitterness/acidity/saltiness/umami, 182

19.2 Dryness/sweetness, 182

19.3 Acidity, 184

19.4 Tannin, 184

19.5 Alcohol, 186

19.6 Body, 187

19.7 Flavour intensity, 187

19.8 Flavour characteristics, 188

19.9 Other observations,...

Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2016
Genre: Umwelt
Produktart: Nachschlagewerke
Rubrik: Ökologie
Medium: Buch
Inhalt: 326 S.
ISBN-13: 9781118934555
ISBN-10: 1118934555
Sprache: Englisch
Einband: Gebunden
Autor: Grainger, Keith
Tattersall, Hazel
Auflage: 2nd edition
Hersteller: Wiley
John Wiley & Sons
Maße: 235 x 157 x 22 mm
Von/Mit: Keith Grainger (u. a.)
Erscheinungsdatum: 07.03.2016
Gewicht: 0,626 kg
Artikel-ID: 104248577
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