1. The Measurement and Development of Professional Performance: An Introduction to the Topic and a Background to the Design and Origin of this Book K. Anders Ericsson, Ray Perez, David Eccles, Laura Lang, Eva Baker, John Bransford, Kurt VanLehn and Paul Ward; Part I. Challenges in Past and Contemporary Efforts to Measure and Train the Objective Performance of Professionals: 2. The 20th Century Revolution in Military Training Ralph Ernest Chatham; 3. Developing Professional Expertise with a Cognitive Apprenticeship Model: Examples from Avionics and Medicine Susanne P. Lajoie; 4. Leadership Development and Assessment: Describing and Rethinking the State of the Art Michael D. Mumford, Tamara L. Friedrich, Jay J. Caughron and Alison L. Antes; 5. Revolutions, Leaders, and Diagnosticians: Reflections on the Themes in Chapters 2-4 Earl Hunt; Part II. Past and Contemporary Efforts to Design Instruction, Train, and Maintain Professional Performance: 6. Research on Past and Current Training in Professional Domains: The Emerging Need for a Paradigm Shift Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer and Eddy W. Boot; 7. Designing Training for Professionals Based on Subject Matter Experts and Cognitive Task Analysis Jan Maarten Schraagen; 8. How to Help Professionals Maintain and Improve Their Knowledge and Skills: Triangulating Best Practices in Medicine Dave Davis; 9. Advances in Specifying What Is To Be Learned: Reflections on the Themes in Chapters 6-8 Richard E. Mayer; Part III. The Assessment and Training of Skilled and Expert Performers in the Military: 10. Toward a Second Training Revolution: Promise and Pitfalls of Digital Experiential Training Ralph Ernest Chatham; 11. Evaluating Pilot Performance Brian T. Schreiber, Winston Bennett Jr, Charles M. Colegrove, Antoinette M. Portrey, David A. Greschke and Herbert H. Bell; 12. Contrasting Submarine Specialty Training: Sonar and Fire Control S. S. Kirschenbaum, S. McInnis and K. P. Correll; 13. Training Complex Cognitive Skills: A Theme-Based Approach to the Development of Battlefield Skills Scott B. Shadrick and James W. Lussier; 14. Structuring the Conditions of Training to Achieve Elite Performance: Reflections on Elite Training Programs and Related Themes in Chapters 10-13 Robert A. Bjork; Part IV. The Development of Expertise and Expert Performance: 15. The Influence of Learning Research on the Design and Use of Assessment Eva L. Baker; 16. Acquiring Conceptual Expertise from Modeling: The Case of Elementary Physics Kurt VanLehn and Brett van de Sande; 17. Teaching for Expertise: Problem-Based Methods in Medicine and Other Professional Domains Henny P. A. Boshuizen; 18. Enhancing the Development of Professional Performance: Implications from the Study of Deliberate Practice K. Anders Ericsson; 19. It Takes Expertise to Make Expertise: Some Thoughts about Why and How and Reflections on the Themes in Chapters 15-18 John D. Bransford and Daniel L. Schwartz; Part V. General Discussion: 20. The Value of Expertise and Expert Performance: A Review of Evidence from the Military J. D. Fletcher; 21. Expertise in the Management of People: A New Frontier for Research on Expert Performance Susan E. F. Chipman.